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3.2 Cell Structure > Eukaryotes > Flashcards

Eukaryotes Flashcards

1
Q

Name all required cell ultrastructures

A

Nucleus
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Vesicles
SER
RER
Vacuole
Ribosomes
Plasmodesma
Lysosome

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2
Q

What is the function of a nucleus?

A

Contains DNA, controls protein synthesis, cell division and growth and differentiation.

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3
Q

Key structural features of a Nucleus?

A

Typically the largest Organelle
Double membrane
Nuclear envelope
Nucleoplasm (substance inside)
Nucleolus inside

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4
Q

What is the function of a mitochondria?

A

The site of aerobic respiration to make ATP

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5
Q

Key structural features of a Mitochondria?

A

Inner membrane folded into cristae
Double membrane
Inside called matrix
Contains DNA, Ribosomes, Lipids and Proteins

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6
Q

Function of a Chloroplast?

A

Making sugars in the process of photosynthesis.
6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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7
Q

Key structural features of a Chloroplast?

A

Double membrane
Fluid inside called Stroma
Thylakoid disks inside surrounded by Thylakoid membrane
Disks in stacks called grana
Grana joined by Lamellae
Folded for increased surface area for photosynthesis

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8
Q

Function of a Golgi apparatus?

A

Process new lipids and proteins into Vesicles

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9
Q

Key structural features of a Golgi apparatus

A

Series of flattened sacs surrounded by membrane (cisternae)
Membrane can pinch off to form vesicle
Vesicles can contain lysozyme

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10
Q

Function of a Smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Synthesis of lipids, steroids and carbohydrates

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11
Q

Structure of SER?

A

Membrane extends from RER
Smaller Cisternae
Large Surface Area

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12
Q

Function of RER?

A

Synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins

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13
Q

Structure of RER?

A

Membrane extends from nucleus
Forms flattened sacs (cisternae)
Covered in ribosomes
Fluid filled inter cisternal space
Large Surface Area
Transport network

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14
Q

Function of a Vacuole?

A

Help maintain cell pressure

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15
Q

Structure of Vacuole?

A

Filled with cell sap (weak solution of salts and sugars)
Changes size based on turgidity

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16
Q

Function of Ribosomes?

A

Site of protein synthesis
RER = protein for export
Cytoplasm = protein for cell

17
Q

Structure of Ribosomes

A

Not membrane bound
2 Subunits of protein and rRNA

18
Q

Function of Lysosomes

A

Breaks down unwanted structures
Hydrolises material ingested by phagocytes
Autolysis, break down cell after death

19
Q

Structure of Lysosomes

A

Spherical sac
Single membrane
Contains hydraulic enzymes: Proteases, Lipases and Lysozymes

20
Q

Function of Cell surface Membrane?

A

Controls transport of substances in and out of cell

21
Q

Structure of Cell surface Membrane?

A

Fluid mosaic structure
Phospholipids and proteins
Microvilli increase surface area for absorption

22
Q

What is the Plasmodesma?

A

Channels in cell wall for exchange of substances between cells.

3.2 Cell Structure (3 decks)

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