Eukaryote Replication (Gelinas) Flashcards

1
Q

DNA polymerases involved in eukaryotic DNA replication:

A
  1. pol-alpha
  2. pol-delta
  3. pol-epsilon
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2
Q

Eukaryotic DNA replication is similar to prokaryotes with the excpetion of (4):

A
  1. more DNA to replicate
  2. multiple points of replication
  3. different polymerases and proteins involved
  4. DNA is associated with histones
  5. telomeres
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3
Q

What eukaryotic DNA polymerase is responsible for primer synthesis?

A
  • pol-alpha
  • initiates primer synthesis on leading and lagging strands
  • no exonuclease activity
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4
Q

What eukaryotic DNA polymerase is responsible for replication the lagging strand?

A

pol-delta in association with PCNA

(has exonuclease activity)

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5
Q

What eukaryotic DNA polymerase is responsible for replication the leading strand?

A

pol-epsilon in association with PCNA

(has nuclease acitivity)

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6
Q

Processivity factor PCNA:

A
  • associates with pol-delta and p-epsilon during DNA replication
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7
Q

Okazaki fragments are displaced by:

A

pol-delta on the 5’ end

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8
Q

Okazaki fragments are degraded by:

A
  • “flap exonuclease” FEN1
  • other nucleases
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9
Q

Telomeres:

A
  • the ends of linear chromosomes in eukaryotes
  • short non-coding G-rich repetitive DNA sequences (TTAGGG)
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10
Q

Three main functions of telomeres:

A
  1. protect chromosome ends from fusion
  2. protect chromosome ends from being degraded
  3. prevent the loss of terminal sequences during replication
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11
Q

Telomerase:

A
  • ribonucleoprotein complex (RNA + protein)
  • reverse transcriptase activity (hTERT): it synthesizes DNA using its RNA subunit as the template
  • adds short DNA repeats to the 3ʼ-ends of linear chromosomes
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12
Q

Telomerase adds short DNA repeats to what ends of linear chromosomes?

A
  • 3’ end of the parent strand
  • DNA polymerase then comes in and finishes the synthesis of the lagging strand.
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