eukariotic cells and organelles

Question 1

what are prokariotes

Answer 1

single celled organisms

Question 2

whats larger prokariotes or eukariotes

Answer 2

eukariotes

Question 3

what organlesses do plant cells have that animal cells dont

Answer 3

• cellulose cell wall with plasmodesmata channels for exchanging substances
• a vacuole
• chloroplasts

Question 4

algal cells

Answer 4

similar to plant cells with the same organelles including cell wall and chloroplasts

Question 5

what are cell walls made of in fungal cells

Answer 5

chitin

Question 6

do fungal cells have chloroplasts

Answer 6

no as they dont photosynthesize

Question 7

examples of fungal cells

Answer 7

mushrooms and yeast

Question 8

what organelles do fungal cells have (in relation to plant cells)

Answer 8

everything in plant cells other than chloroplasts

Question 9

cell surface (plasma) membrane description and function

Answer 9

• membrane found in animal cells, mainly made of lipids and protein
• function: regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell, also has receptor molecules on it, which respond to chemicals such as hormones

Question 10

draw cell membrane

Answer 10

pg 27

Question 11

draw nucleus

Answer 11

pg 27

Question 12

draw mitochondrion

Answer 12

pg 27

Question 13

draw chloroplast

Answer 13

pg 27

Question 14

draw gogli vesicle

Answer 14

pg 27

Question 15

draw gogli apparatus

Answer 15

pg 27

Question 16

draw lysosome

Answer 16

pg 27

Question 17

draw ribosome

Answer 17

pg 27

Question 18

draw rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 18

pg 27

Question 19

draw smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 19

pg 27

Question 20

draw cell wall

Answer 20

pg 27

Question 21

draw cell vacuole

Answer 21

pg 27

Question 22

nucleus description and function

Answer 22

description: large organelle surrounded by nuclear envelope containing pores. nucleus contains chromosomes made from protein bound linear dna called nucleolus
function: controls the cells activities by controlling the transcription of dna
- dna contains instructions to make proteins

Question 23

mitochondrion description and function

Answer 23

description: have a double membrane- inner one is folded to form structures called cristae.
inside is the matrix which contains enzymes involved in respiration
function: site of aerobic respiration where atp is produced. they are found in large numbers in cells that are active and require alot of energy

Question 24

chloroplast description and function

Answer 24

description: surrounded by a double membrane and also has membranes inside called thylakoid membranes. these membranes are stacked up in some parts of the chloroplasts to form grana
function: site of photosynthesis , some parts happen in the grana and some happen in the stroma

Question 25

gogli apparatus description and function

Answer 25

description: a group of fluid filled membrane bound flattened sacs, vesicles often seen on the edges of the sacs function: processes and packages new lipids and proteins, it also makes lysosomes

Question 26

gogli vesicle description and function

Answer 26

description: small fluid filled sac in the cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane and produced by the golgi apparatus function: stores lipids and proteins made by the golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell- via cell surface membranes

Question 27

lysosome description and function

Answer 27

description: a round organelle surrounded by a membrane with no clear internal structure function: contains hydrolytic enzymes which are kept seperate from the cytoplasm by the surrounding membrane - can be used to digest invading cells or to break down worn out components of the cell

Question 28

ribosome description and function

Answer 28

description: floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, made up of proteins and rna (not surrounded by the membrane) function: site of where proteins are made

Question 29

rough endoplasmic reticulum description and function

Answer 29

description:system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space. the surface is covered with ribosomes function: folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosomes

Question 30

smooth endoplasmic reticulum description and function

Answer 30

description: similar to rough endoplasmic reticulum but with no ribosomes function: synthesis and processes lipids

Question 31

cell wall description and function

Answer 31

description: rigid strcutre that surrounds cells in plants algae and fungi. in plants and algae its made mainly of carbohydrate cellulose. in fungi its made of chitin function:supports the cells and prevents them from changing shape

Question 32

cell vacuole description and function

Answer 32

description: membrane bound organelle found in the cytoplasm of plant cells- contains cell sap. the surrounding membrane is called the tonoplast function: helps maintain pressure in the cell and keeps the cell rigid - stops plants wilting - also involved in the isolation of unwanted chemicals inside the cell

Question 33

what do the pores do in the nucleus

Answer 33

allow substances such as rna to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

Question 34

what does the nucleolus do

Answer 34

makes ribosomes

Question 35

what kinds of cells contain lots of mitochondria

Answer 35

active cells that require alot of energy

Question 36

what are grana in chloroplasts linked together by

Answer 36

lamellae, thin flat pieces of thylakoid membranes

Question 37

what is the stroma

Answer 37

a thick fluid found in chloroplasts

Question 38

what is cell sap

Answer 38

a weak solution of sugar and salts

Question 39

what is the surrounding membrane of the cell vacuole called

Answer 39

tonoplasts

Question 40

what is a tissue

Answer 40

group of cells working together to perform a specific function

Question 41

what are organs made of

Answer 41

different tissues working together to form organs