Eugenics and CRISPR

Question 1

What is eugenics?

Answer 1

19th century science that uses self direction of human evolution

Question 2

What does phrenology do?

Answer 2

Determine characteristics of our fellow human beings. Noted as a pseudoscience. Extrapolated physical aspects of a human to represent something of intelligence, character, and morality.

Question 3

What did phrenology lead to?

Answer 3

Offensive stereotypes, racial profiling, anti-semantic depictions, offensive depictions of different races, and people being deemed unmotyerly and unfatherly.

Question 4

The locations of certain characteristics such as kindness, memory, self esteem, benevolence in the brain is showed in what diagram?

Answer 4

Phrenology bust

Question 5

Who was interested in mapping his genealogy to trace intelligence, invented the dog whistle, and was interested in fingerprinting?

Answer 5

Francis Galton

Question 6

What is the Galton-Darwin-Wedgwood Family pedigree?

Answer 6

A group of closely related family stocks characterized by outstanding capacities in philosophy, science, and art.

Question 7

Was Charles Darwin a healthy intellectual man?

Answer 7

No, although he was able to have children he had digestive and flatulence problems. He was said to be a nervous and sickly man.

Question 8

Was Galton both physically and mentally superior?

Answer 8

Although he was able to trace back his intelligence, he was unable to reproduce and therefore could not personally test if intelligence was inherited.

Question 9

The word eugenics is credited to what scientist?

Answer 9

Francis Galton in 1883

Question 10

What is the meaning of the word eugenics?

Answer 10

Eu= good, well
Genics= birth

Question 11

What are the 5 main reasons that the United States looked towards eugenics?

Answer 11

Immigration- from different backgrounds, bring different diseases, creates job competition
Industrialization- low wages, labor unions, technology progression
Urbanization- increased contact with others, sharing of ideas, creating tension, misunderstandings, prejudice
WW2
Great Depression

Question 12

What was the positive eugenics movement?

Answer 12

People of “better stock” such as middle or upper-class white woman are encouraged to have many children.

Question 13

Race Suicide

Answer 13

When “good specimens” do not have many babies. This is considered a crime for not increasing the “great race”.

Question 14

What president made the Race Suicide speech?

Answer 14

Teddy Roosevelt in 1910

Question 15

What event was commonly held at local fairs during this time?

Answer 15

Better baby and fitter family competitions. Pedigree charts, intelligence, and morality were all considered.

Question 16

Negative Eugenics

Answer 16

The discouragement of having more children within category of person that was deemed less desirable.

Question 17

Bollinger Baby

Answer 17

1915, baby born with severe birth defects and died naturally without medical intervention.

Question 18

What well known person was a eugenicist and supported Dr. Haiselden’s decision about the baby?

Answer 18

Helen Keller

Question 19

Medical Classes of Feeble-mindedness

Answer 19

Idiots, Imbeciles, Morons

Question 20

What class of feeble-mindedness would be considered the most dangerous?

Answer 20

Morons- mental capacity of 10-12 years of age and is able to do work requiring reason and judgment. Had the ability to “pass as normal”.

Question 21

Who drafted a model law for the sterilization of a certain social class?

Answer 21

Harry Laughlin- epileptic 
People of this social class included orphans, epileptics, disease ridden people, and people with drinking problems

Question 22

Buck v. Belle- 1927

Answer 22

17 year old Carrie Buck was raped and had a child out of wedlock. This was used to diagnose Carrie as mentally inferior and she was institutionalized. At 7 months Carrie was diagnosed with Feeble-mindedness. The case made it to the Supreme Court and was considered a fake trial because Carrie’s lawyer was considered a eugenicist.

Question 23

What was used to justify mass sterilization?

Answer 23

1905- people can be forced to be vaccinated during an epidemic

Question 24

Who uses the California state law of eugenics as a model for institutionalized sterilization?

Answer 24

Hitler and the Nazis

Question 25

What became of eugenics after World War 2?

Answer 25

Sterilization became voluntary and eugenics was made with a positive spin

Question 26

Who was considered undesirable?

Answer 26

The Mentally ill, promiscuous white woman, Native Americans, the disabled, Black Woman, and Asians

Question 27

Magdrigal v. Quilligan 1978

Answer 27

1960 and 1970s woman that went to give birth came out sterilized and some women signed papers unwillingly during labor.

Question 28

Cas9

Answer 28

a protein derived from the CRISPR-Cas bacterial immune system and uses an RNA molecule as a guide to find a complementary DNA sequence which will then be cut out. “molecular scissors”

Question 29

CRISPR

Answer 29

clustered regularly inter spaced short palindromic repeats

Question 30

RNA

Answer 30

Transcribed from DNA template and is used to direct the synthesis of proteins

Question 31

Somatic Cells

Answer 31

All cells in multicellular organisms not including germ cells.

Question 32

Stem Cells

Answer 32

Any cell that has the ability to be specialized.

Question 33

What id CRISPR used for?

Answer 33

Used to edit genomes which can enhance characteristics, cure diseases, and eliminate disabilities.

Question 34

How was CRISPR found?

Answer 34

Research on how bacteria fight viral infections.

Question 35

What makes CRISPR different from other gene editing technologies?

Answer 35

CRISPR is cheaper, easier to use, and programmable.

Question 36

Central Virginia Training Center or Colony for Epileptic and Feeble minded

Answer 36

Eugenics facility for epileptic and feeble minded people. Institutionalized so that they are not able to procreate. Given tests to determine mental age,

Question 37

Who looked to see if sterilization in every state was “dead”?

Answer 37

Mark Bond

Question 38

What state had a sterilization law in place?

Answer 38

West Virginia

Question 39

Who was Anna Seal?

Answer 39

She was poor and had a bad family living situation, taken away from her home at 7 years old and was sent to a center. She was sterilized without her knowledge.

Question 40

Which 2 states were the first to give compensation to victims of sterilization?

Answer 40

North Carolina- $50,000

Virginia- $25,000