Eugenics and CRISPR Flashcards
Who originated the term “Eugenics” ?
Francis Galton
What relation was Galton to Darwin?
Cousin
What is sterilization?
The process of taking away the ability to have children
Who was Carrie’s defense in Buck v. Bell?
Oliver Wendel Holmes Jr
Why was Carrie Buck deemed feebleminded?
She was raped at 17 and gave birth out of wedlock
Who was Carrie Buck’s mother?
Emma Buck
Who were the first people murdered in gas chambers by the Nazi’s?
Disabled children
What was the positive change of sterilization in the 1950s?
Became “voluntary”
What happened if you were white and wanted to be sterilized?
Denied
Why were POC approved for sterilization?
The government wanted a majority of the population to be white (claimed to be the superio race)
What happened in Madrigal v. Quilligan?
POC signed for sterilization while giving birth without knowing, violated these women’s rights. The US gov’t wanted to restrict the number of children born (especially those that weren’t white)
What does CRISPR stand for?
Clustered, regularly interspaced, short, palindromic repeats
What does Cas9 stand for?
CRISPR associated
What does tracrRNA stand for?
Trans-activating RNA
What does crRNA stand for?
CRISPR RNA
How much more efficient is CRISPR than TALENS?
4 times more efficient
What are some uses of CRISPR?
Correct genetic defects, treat/prevent the spread of disease, and improve crops
What is Cas9?
An enzyme that cuts strands of DNA
What does PAM stand for?
Protospacer Adjacent Motifs
What do PAM do?
Prevent Cas9 from cutting the DNA randomly
What is eugenics?
The self-direction of human evolution
What profession did Francis Galton have?
Psychometrist
What did Charles Darwin struggle with?
Extreme flatulence
What was “race suicide” ?
Teddy Roosevelt coined this term, stating that if you chose not to have children it was a national crime, but if you couldn’t, it was a great misfortune.
What did Helen Keller say about Baby Bollinger?
The baby would be an idiot, and it would be a great shame to bring them into the world. The baby shouldn’t be saved, both for its sake and the world’s.
Who were other eugenicists?
Alexander Graham Bell, Kelloggs, Planned Parenthood
What’s the ranking of feeblemindedness from best to worst?
Moron, High Grade Imbecile, Low Grade Imbecile, Idiot
What are the two ways of putting DNA back together?
Gluing, filling the gap with a nucleotide sequence
What are the drawbacks of genome editing?
Not 100% effective, “genome vandalism”
What was the Central Virginia Training Center?
1910 Eugenics facility. Moved “morons”, the disabled, epileptic, etc. to stop reproducing
What’s the difference between Darwin and eugenicists?
Darwin focused on variation, he believed that a lack of variety meant that the population was weak
