Eubacteria Flashcards
Why Care?
- Responsible for many diseases –> called pathogens
- Infects livestock and threatens our food sources
- Many are decomposers and help carbon cycle
- Some are photosynthetic and make oxygen (ex. cyanobacteria)
- Some help make vitamins in our guts (like B12)
Nucleoid
Chromosome in a single loop of DNA
Ribosomes
Scattered throughout cytoplasm, aid in protein synthesis
Pili
Hair-like structures used to interact with other bacteria
Flagella
For movement
Plasmid
Circular plate of more DNA
Cell Walls
Thick, strong, and rigid, made of peptidoglycan
Capsule
Sticky outer layer that surrounds the cell that reduces water loss, resists high temperatures, and helps keep out antibodies and viruses
Shapes of Bacteria
Coccus: round
Bacillus: rod-like
Spirillum: spiral/cork-screw
Groups of Bacteria
Diplo = 2
Staphlo = clumps
Strepto = string
Strep Throat
Streptococcus Pyogenes (coccus)
Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (bacillus)
Probiotics
Good bacteria in our guts that help improve our immune system, eliminate extra bad bacteria, and keep our digestive system healthy
Autotrophic
Uses sunlight for energy
Heterotrophic
Lives off of other living things
Obligate Aerobes
Organisms that must have oxygen to survive
Facultative Aerobes
Organisms that can use bacteria or live without it
Anaerobes
Organisms that do not need oxygen for survival (ex. some bacteria can ferment things to make energy)
Asexual Reproduction
Binary fission: chromosomes duplicate and new cell wall forms creating 2 identical bacteria - very fast process (~20 mins to double number of cells)
Sexual Reproduction
Conjugation: bacteria join together via pili and one bacteria transfers some genetic info to the other creating a genetically different strain (occurs under poor conditions)
Spore Formation
Endospore: a highly resistant structure that forms around the chromosome when a cell is stressed –> tolerates extreme conditions and are dormant until situations improves