Eubacteria

Question 1

Why Care?

Answer 1

• Responsible for many diseases –> called pathogens
• Infects livestock and threatens our food sources
• Many are decomposers and help carbon cycle
• Some are photosynthetic and make oxygen (ex. cyanobacteria)
• Some help make vitamins in our guts (like B12)

Question 2

Nucleoid

Answer 2

Chromosome in a single loop of DNA

Question 3

Ribosomes

Answer 3

Scattered throughout cytoplasm, aid in protein synthesis

Question 4

Pili

Answer 4

Hair-like structures used to interact with other bacteria

Question 5

Flagella

Answer 5

For movement

Question 6

Plasmid

Answer 6

Circular plate of more DNA

Question 7

Cell Walls

Answer 7

Thick, strong, and rigid, made of peptidoglycan

Question 8

Capsule

Answer 8

Sticky outer layer that surrounds the cell that reduces water loss, resists high temperatures, and helps keep out antibodies and viruses

Question 9

Shapes of Bacteria

Answer 9

Coccus: round
Bacillus: rod-like
Spirillum: spiral/cork-screw

Question 10

Groups of Bacteria

Answer 10

Diplo = 2
Staphlo = clumps
Strepto = string

Question 11

Strep Throat

Answer 11

Streptococcus Pyogenes (coccus)

Question 12

Tuberculosis

Answer 12

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (bacillus)

Question 13

Probiotics

Answer 13

Good bacteria in our guts that help improve our immune system, eliminate extra bad bacteria, and keep our digestive system healthy

Question 14

Autotrophic

Answer 14

Uses sunlight for energy

Question 15

Heterotrophic

Answer 15

Lives off of other living things

Question 16

Obligate Aerobes

Answer 16

Organisms that must have oxygen to survive

Question 17

Facultative Aerobes

Answer 17

Organisms that can use bacteria or live without it

Question 18

Anaerobes

Answer 18

Organisms that do not need oxygen for survival (ex. some bacteria can ferment things to make energy)

Question 19

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 19

Binary fission: chromosomes duplicate and new cell wall forms creating 2 identical bacteria - very fast process (~20 mins to double number of cells)

Question 20

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 20

Conjugation: bacteria join together via pili and one bacteria transfers some genetic info to the other creating a genetically different strain (occurs under poor conditions)

Question 21

Spore Formation

Answer 21

Endospore: a highly resistant structure that forms around the chromosome when a cell is stressed –> tolerates extreme conditions and are dormant until situations improves