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CAST FGIV > EU policies > Flashcards

EU policies Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Annual Growth Survey?

A

The Annual Growth Survey is the Commission’s main tool for setting out the general economic and social priorities for the EU for the following year.

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2
Q

When did the UN establish the special secretariat to face the threat of climate change?

A

The secretariat was established in 1992 when countries adopted the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. (the other options were the Paris Agreement, Kyoto Protocol and one of the Treaties)

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3
Q

Who is member of the OECD?

A

Some MS (22)

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4
Q

Which role does the HRVP not fill?

A

Chair of the GAC - General affairs council - (the other options are head of EEAS, VP and chair of FAC)

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5
Q

In 2019, which countries had a stabilisation and association agreement with the EU?

A

Montenegro, Serbia, Turkey, the Republic of North Macedonia, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo

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6
Q

Where is located the AIIB (Asian Infrastructure Investment bank) and how many members?

A

Beijing, more than 100

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7
Q

Where does the EP meet?

A

Brussels and Strasbourg

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8
Q

What is the role of the JRC?

A

Provide independent scientific advice to the institutions and support to the EU policy.

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9
Q

What does Article 20 TFEU say (For this question they usually add wrong words in the middle of the paragraphs which seem correct)

A

Citizenship of the Union is hereby established. Every person holding the nationality of a Member State shall be a citizen of the Union. Citizenship of the Union shall be additional to and not replace national citizenship.

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10
Q

Who sits in the ECB executive board?

A

P, VP, 4 members

They are appointed by the European Council by qualified majority on a recommendation from the Council after it has consulted the European Parliament and the Governing Council. - members’ term of office: eight years, not renewable

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11
Q

Who sits in the Governing Council of the ECB?

A

EB + 19 governors of euro area NCBs

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12
Q

The European System of Central Banks

A

consists of the European Central Bank (ECB) and the national central banks (NCBs) of all 27 member states of the European Union (EU).

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13
Q

Committee of the Regions (CoR)

A

It has 329 members representing local and regional entities of EU MS. It meets 5/6 times a year

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14
Q

Aim of the stability and growth pact (SGP)?

A

Coordination of fiscal policies to ensure sound fiscal policies/public finances and correct excessive budgets or debt

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15
Q

What is the Montréal Protocol?

A

1987 - The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion.

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16
Q

Which political group received most votes in the 2019 EP elections?

A

EPP

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17
Q

4 statements about EU legislative acts, which one is true?

A

− Non-legislative, binding acts that supplement/ amend non-essential elements of a legislative act.
− Legislative act must define objectives, scope, content & duration of the delegation of power
− EP (simple majority) & Council (QM) can object/remove the delegation
- EC prepares and adopts delegated acts after consulting expert groups (representatives from each MS)

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18
Q

Question on the infringement procedure

A

The Commission identifies possible infringements of EU law on the basis of its own investigations or following complaints from citizens, businesses or other stakeholders.
That action may also be brought by another MS, although rare.
If MS concerned fails to communicate measures that fully transpose the provisions of directives or does not rectify the suspected violation to the EU law, the EC may launch a formal infringement procedure. The infringement procedure should be approved by 2/3 majority of the MEP. The length of the infringement procedure is on average 35 months, maximum 48.

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19
Q

Question on the rights of the national parliaments under the subsidiarity control mechanism

A

EC shall forward its draft legislative acts and amended drafts to national Parliaments at the same time as to the Union legislators. National parliaments enforce subsidiarity in face of EC legislative proposal. They have the opportunity to send a reasoned opinion in 8 weeks.

Yellow card procedure: If 1/3 of national parliaments (1/4 for freedom, security and justice) submit a reasoned opinion stating it violates subsidiarity, EC must decide whether to maintain, change or withdraw it and give reason. Used 3 times so far.

Orange card procedure: If reasoned opinion represents majority of votes, EC must review and decide whether to maintain, change or withdraw the proposal. The EC will have to demonstrate in front of EP and Council why it complies with the principle of subsidiarity. Never used so far.

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20
Q

Several statements about voting procedures in the Council, which one is correct? (Both here are correct)

A

A member of the Council can act on the behalf of one other absent member as long as the majority of the Council’s members are present.
The Council can vote on a legislative act 8 weeks after the draft act has been sent to national parliaments for their examination.

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21
Q

What is the European Recovery Programme?

A

The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative enacted in 1948 to provide foreign aid to Western Europe. The United States transferred over $13 billion (equivalent of about $115 billion in 2021) in economic recovery programs to Western European economies after the end of World War II.

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22
Q

Minamata Convention on Mercury

A

10 October 2013 – The Minamata Convention on Mercury is an international treaty designed to protect human health and the environment from anthropogenic emissions and releases of mercury and mercury compounds.

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23
Q

Which court does not take complaints from individuals?

A

The International Criminal Court

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24
Q

What can the EP not do?

A

The EP cannot dismiss the Ombudsman. The EP can only suggest it.

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25
Q

Who founded the New Development Bank?

A

BRICS

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26
Q

What is the Esquipulas Peace Agreement

A

The Esquipulas Nicaraguan Peace Agreement, also known as the Central American Peace Accords, was a peace initiative in the mid-1980s to settle the military conflicts that had plagued Central America for many years. The agreement was named for Esquipulas, Guatemala, where the initial meetings took place. Signature on 15 February 1987.

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27
Q

Original NATO members since its founding in 1949

A

12 countries: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States (ora sono 30)

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28
Q

What is true about the Arctic Council?

A

The leading Intergovernmental organization promoting cooperation, coordination etc. among 8 Arctic countries: (USA, Russia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden.

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29
Q

What is the Durand line?

A

Afghanistan-Pakistan border

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30
Q

What are the Copenhagen criteria?

A

− political criteria: stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights and respect for and protection of minorities;
− economic criteria: a functioning market economy and the capacity to cope with competition and market forces;
− administrative and institutional capacity to effectively implement the acquis and ability to take on the obligations of membership.
For EU accession negotiations to be launched, a country must satisfy the first criterion.

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31
Q

Who can propose revision of the treaties?

A

Any national government, EP or EC

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32
Q

What is the Basel convention?

A

The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, usually known as the Basel Convention, is an international treaty that was designed to reduce the movements of hazardous waste between nations, and specifically to prevent transfer of hazardous waste from developed to less developed countries (LDCs).

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33
Q

Juncker used to be…

A

President of the Eurogroup

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34
Q

Independence of South Sudan?

A

2011

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35
Q

Who was the first EP President?

A

Simon Veil

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36
Q

In 2018, how many citizens considered Climate Change a man-made issue?

A

93%

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37
Q

Who said the “Iron Curtain”?

A

W. Churchill

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38
Q

Which one of the following is not part of EU exclusive competences?

A

Environment

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39
Q

What did Luxembourg compromise in 1966 solve?

A

The Luxembourg Compromise (or “Luxembourg Accord”) was an agreement reached in January 1966 to resolve the “Empty Chair Crisis”. The Luxembourg Compromise is viewed as a turning of the tide in the history of European integration. It safeguarded the intergovernmental nature of the EC, therefore preserving state sovereignty. It also prevented the EC from further consolidating power and therefore becoming more supranational, or taking power out of the hands of the states.

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40
Q

First time EU pronounced itself on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict?

A

1980 Venice declaration

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41
Q

In which document is the “In-depth analysis of macroeconomic problems of Member States” included?

A

The alert mechanism report (AMR) is the starting point of the annual cycle of the macroeconomic imbalance procedure (MIP). On this basis, the AMR identifies countries that need an in-depth review (IDR) by the Commission to assess how macroeconomic risks in the are evolving, and to determine the presence of imbalances or excessive imbalances. The AMR is presented during the European Semester

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42
Q

Spratly Island and Paracel Island?

A

Islands located in the South Chinese Sea

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43
Q

Who does not take part in the budget proposal and adoption?

A

EU Court of Auditors

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44
Q

Which description is right concerning the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (Outer Space Treaty)?

A

Adopted 1967, no property claims

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45
Q

Which of the following are not tasks of the European Labour Authority (ELA)?

A

The right answer should be the one related to definition/regulation of labor rights.

ELA is an agency of the EU tasked with coordinating and supporting the enforcement of EU law on labour mobility.

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46
Q

What is a twinning?

A

A European Union instrument for institutional cooperation between Public Administrations of EU Member States and of beneficiary or partner countries.

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47
Q

Anniversary of the Shuman declaration in 2015?

A

65

48
Q

What are the votes needed for MFF (Multiannual Financial Framework)?

A

Article 312 TFEU:
1- Proposal for regulation laying down MFF submitted by EC & Council.
2- EP must approve via absolute majority (majority of MEPs) – consent from the EP
3- Council adopts it unanimously

49
Q

What is not needed for the vote of the EC president?

A

Unanimity for European Council as it votes with QMV.
The European Council proposes a candidate (taking into consideration the results of the EP election). Once proposed, the parliament votes on the candidate by a majority of its members. (Article 17(7) TEU)

50
Q

Definition of referendum

A

Direct vote by the entire electorate on a particular proposal.

51
Q

Who are the main institutions involved in OLP ordinary legislative procedure?

A

Proposition by the EC. Reading by EP to approve or amend. Reading by Council to approve EP position or amend the EC proposition.

52
Q

What is not part of the Barcelona objective?

A

Barcelona objectives: the development of childcare facilities for young children in Europe with a view to sustainable and inclusive growth
“Gender equality via measures to help women in the labour market, avoid discrimination.”

53
Q

Who can bring EC in front of ECJ in case of breach of subsidiarity?

A

In case of a breach of subsidiarity, the Committee of the Regions or the MS may refer an act directly to CJEU.

Three preconditions for intervention by EU institutions in accordance with subsidiarity principle:
(a) area concerned no exclusive EU competence (non-exclusivity)
(b) objectives cannot be sufficiently achieved by MS (necessity)
(c) action can be implemented more successfully by the Union (added value).

54
Q

What are Tlatelolco, Rarotonga, Bangkok and Pelindaba agreements?

A

The agreements set up Nuclear-weapon-free zone
(in respectively Latin America (1967), South Pacific (1985), South Asia (1995) and Africa (1996))

55
Q

When did EP direct election enter into force?

A

Under pressure from the European Parliament, the Copenhagen Summit of April 1978 set the date of the first European direct elections for 7-10 June 1979.

56
Q

When and by who was the term “United Nations” coined?

A

In 1942, by Franklin D. Roosevelt. Careful, it was NOT coined at the San Francisco Conference.

57
Q

According to Article 3 TFEU, in what areas does the EU have exclusive competence?

A
  1. customs union
  2. the establishing of the competition rules necessary for the functioning of the internal market
  3. monetary policy for the Member States whose currency is the euro
  4. the conservation of marine biological resources under the common fisheries policy
  5. common commercial policy.
    + trade policy
58
Q

What is true about the voting system in the Council of the EU?

A

The Council takes its decisions by simple majority, qualified majority or unanimity; I was not sure about another option that read: “The Council can vote on a legislative act 12 weeks after the draft has been sent to national parliaments”, but in fact it’s 8 weeks. The other two options were easy to rule out.

59
Q

What is true about UN Security Council non-permanent members?

A

Elected by the General Assembly, for a 2-year non-renewable term, presidency rotates in alphabetic order;

also tricky, in the other options one of these elements was in turn modified (e.g. “elected by UNSC permanent members following proposal by the GA”, or “for a 2-year term with possibility of immediate re-election”).

60
Q

Who was NOT president of the European Parliament?

A

Jacques Delors

61
Q

What is the objective of COSME?

A

Europe’s programme for small and medium-sized enterprises. Aims to boost SME’s competitiveness.

62
Q

What is ENISA?

A

European Network and Information Security Agency

63
Q

Which treaty established the EU’s legal personality?

A

Treaty of Lisbon

64
Q

What EU institutions are mainly in charge of the legislative procedure?

A

European Commission, European Parliament, Council

65
Q

In the 2018 Eurobarometer, in which area did citizens demand further harmonization?

A

Wages

66
Q

What does the Rotterdam Convention regulate?

A

The Rotterdam Convention is a multilateral treaty to promote shared responsibilities in relation to importation of hazardous chemical. (signature 1998, into force 2004)

67
Q

How many judges sit in the Court of Justice (EUCJ)?

A

At least one from each of the Member States

68
Q

What is the G20?

A

A forum of industrialised countries.
The G20 or Group of Twenty is an intergovernmental forum comprising 19 countries and the European Union (EU). It works to address major issues related to the global economy, such as international financial stability,climate change mitigation, an sustainable development.[3]
The G20 is composed of most of the world’s largest economies, including both industrialized and developing nations, and accounts for around 90% of gross world product (GWP),[4] 75–80% of international trade,[b] two-thirds of the global population,[2] and roughly half the world’s land area.

69
Q

What parliamentary majority do you need to adopt a motion of censure?

A

2/3 of votes cast, representing the absolute majority of seats.

70
Q

As of January 2019, how many countries form the Eurozone?

A

19

71
Q

What is true about legislation in the EU?

A

Directive – binding only in terms of the result to be achieved

72
Q

What is true about farmers in the EU?

A

About 11 million farms, 22 mln farmers with income 40% less than in non-agricultural sector

73
Q

What is WRONG about CAP?

A

− It was reformed after 1992 to better reflect environmental concerns and as well a shift from market support to producer support
− it was set out in the Treaty of Rome (1957) (!!! not established in the treaty of Rome.)
− It requires that only those farmers who adhere to at least basic environmental requirements (cross-implementation or smth like that) receive direct payments and those adhering to higher environmental requirements receive green direct payments
− Agriculture is directly dealt with by the EU unlike transport and education (I think this one is wrong)

74
Q

Which organisation supports individuals and businesses to claim rights?

A

SOLVIT

75
Q

What type of agreement is Cotonou?

A

The Cotonou Agreement is a close partnership based on a series of principles: The partners to the agreement are equal. The ACP countries determine their own development policies. Cooperation is not only among governments: parliaments, local authorities, civil society, the private sector, economic and social partners play a role as well. The Cotonou Agreement is the most comprehensive Partnership Agreement between developing countries and the EU.

76
Q

What is true about Cotonou Agreement?

A

It covers 79 countries with 48 being in Sub-Saharan Africa.
The Cotonou Agreement is a treaty between the European Union and the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States (“ACP countries”). It was signed in June 2000 in Cotonou, Benin’s largest city, by 78 ACP countries[1] (Cuba did not sign) and the then fifteen Member States of the European Union. It entered into force in 2003 and was subsequently revised in 2005 and 2010.

77
Q

Which of the following organisations deals with the questions of regional development in Asia?

A

SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
SADC South African Development Community

78
Q

Which state does not belong to BRICS?

A

Indonesia

79
Q

What happens after 1 mln citizens from at least ¼ of MS submitted their initiative?

A

It is submitted to the Commission who should review it within 3 months.

80
Q

What is true about citizen initiative?

A

The initiative should be signed by at least 1 mln citizens from at least one quarter of the MS.

81
Q

Which EU agency responsible for border management received more funding after 2015?

A

FRONTEX

82
Q

What is true about the Monroe Doctrine of 1823?

A

The Monroe Doctrine was a United States foreign policy position that opposed European colonialism in the Western Hemisphere. It held that any intervention in the political affairs of the Americas by foreign powers was a potentially hostile act against the U.S.[1 The doctrine was central to U.S. foreign policy for much of the 19th and early 20th centuries.[2]
It aimed to prevent European powers from extending their influence in the Western hemisphere.

83
Q

If not otherwise established in the Treaties, the European Council decides by?

A

consensus

84
Q

What is correct about UNCLOS United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea?

A

It was signed in 1982 in Montego Bay (Jamaica)

85
Q

Who adopts the country-specific recommendations of the European Semester?

A

The Council

86
Q

In what areas of the Common Commercial Policy (article 207 TFEU) does the EU have exclusive competence?

A

Trade in goods and services, and the commercial aspects of intellectual property, foreign direct investment

87
Q

What is the Bretton Woods system?

A

“A multilateral agreement on international cooperation on monetary policy”
The Bretton Woods system of monetary management established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the United States, Canada, Western European countries, Australia, and Japan after the 1944 Bretton Woods Agreement. The Bretton Woods system was the first example of a fully negotiated monetary order intended to govern monetary relations among independent states. The Bretton Woods system required countries to guarantee convertibility of their currencies into U.S. dollars to within 1% of fixed parity rates, with the dollar convertible to gold bullion for foreign governments and central banks at US$35 per troy ounce of fine gold (or 0.88867 gram fine gold per dollar). It also envisioned greater cooperation among countries in order to prevent future competitive devaluations, and thus established the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to monitor exchange rates and lend reserve currencies to nations with balance of payments deficits.

88
Q

What is the maximum/minimum number of MEPs per country according to the Treaties?

A

96/6

89
Q

What does JCPoA stand for?

A

Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action aka the Iran Nuclear Deal

90
Q

What is the New Development Bank?

A

Multilateral development bank of the BRICS countries.

91
Q

What is the EU Blue Card?

A

The EU Blue Card gives highly qualified workers from outside the EU the right to live and work in an EU country, provided they have higher professional qualifications, such as a university degree, and an employment contract or a binding job offer with a high salary compared to the average in the EU country where the job is.

92
Q

Which one of the following is not among the EU budget principles?

A

Rebates.

The EU budget obeys the nine general rules of unity, budgetary accuracy, annuality, equilibrium, unit of account (the euro), universality, specification (each appropriation is allocated to a particular kind of expenditure), sound financial management and transparency, pursuant to Articles 6 to 38 of the Regulation on the financial rules applicable to the general budget of the EU.

93
Q

According to Article 5 TEU, what are the key guiding principles of Union competences?

A

Subsidiarity, conferral and proportionality principles

94
Q

What happens if EP does not consent to an international agreement?

A

The agreement cannot be adopted

95
Q

Early Warning System

A

The Early Warning System (EWS) is an internal information tool that helps the European Commission and its executive agencies to identify third parties that pose financial and/or other risks. Part of this tool, a Central Exclusion Database is accessible by all public authorities that implement EU funds. The database includes all entities — companies, organisations or natural persons — which have been excluded from EU funding because they are insolvent, have been convicted of serious professional misconduct or criminal offence against the EU’s financial interests. Such a blacklist allows authorities to identify risky entities and take the appropriate precautionary measures, such as not entering into a contract with a particular service provider. This helps to ensure the sound financial management of European Union funds and to prevent fraud.

96
Q

How many countries participated in the 2002 Euro when the banknotes and coins changeover took place?

A

12 EU countries

97
Q

Which was not an element of the Juncker plan?

A

Quantitative easing (QE) is an advanced monetary policy of central banks to stimulate growth in a stagnant economy by large scale buying of government bonds and other assets.

98
Q

Which countries are members of MERCOSUR?

A

Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay. Venezuela, which officially joined 2012, was suspended from membership in 2017. Associate countries (not members per se): Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru and Suriname. New Zealand and Mexico are observers.

99
Q

What was the budgetary split of CAP (common agricultural policy) in 2019?

A

€41m to income support; €14m to rural development; €2.37m to market measure (enough to remember the relative proportions of the chapters)

100
Q

2020 Eurobarometer polls about climate change

A

93% climate change is a serious problem; 94% environmental protection is important; 83% EU legislation is necessary to protect the environment.

101
Q

Who was NOT a president of the EP?

A

Jacques Delors

102
Q

What is the objective of the Union?

A

Art 2(1) TEU: “The Union’s aim is to promote peace, its values and the well-being of its peoples.”

103
Q

Who leads the Operation Atalanta (formally European Union Naval Force Somalia)?

A

It is led by the EU, NOT by NATO.

104
Q

Which countries are part of G5 Sahel?

A

Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad

105
Q
  1. What is NOT a right of EU citizens according to … ?
A

To stand as a candidate for national elections in another MS.

106
Q

How many members does the Eurozone have in 2019?

A

19

107
Q

What was the target of the 2018 Renewable Energy Directive?

A

At least 32% renewable energy consumption until 2030

108
Q

Which treaty introduced the principle of subsidiarity?

A

Maastricht

109
Q

What is true about EU Fundamental Rights?

A

All MS need to establish an organization (or similar) that checks for discriminations, conducts surveys and independent reports.

110
Q

Which organization was founded first in the second half of 20th century?

A

OAU Organisation of African Unity 1963
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations 1967
GCC Gulf Cooperation Council 1981
Mercosur 1991
African Union 1999

111
Q

What is ESPAS?

A

European Strategy and Policy Analysis System

112
Q

Which countries participate in the Civil Protection Mechanism?

A

EU 27MS + Iceland, Norway, Serbia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, & Turkey (no Israel)

113
Q

How many people lived in the EU on 1 January 2019?

A

510, UK left officially 31 January 2020.

114
Q

When was the Freedom of Thought Prize by the EP awarded the first time?

A

1988

115
Q

After whom is the Freedom of Thought Prize named?

A

Shakharov

116
Q

What is the difference between A-points and B-points in the Council?

A
  • A points = No discussion / B-points = YES discussion

Council negotiates, adopts, adapts EU legislation and coordinates policies. In most cases, Council decides together with EP through OLP/codecision (= policy areas with exclusive/shared competence (~85)). Most EU legal acts in this procedure are adopted at 1st reading (max. 3 readings.

At each reading the proposal passes through 3 levels at the Council:
− Working party: “preparatory bodies”
− COREPER
− Council configuration

If COREPER can finalise discussions on a proposal, the proposal becomes an ‘A’ item on the Council agenda, meaning that the agreement is accepted without debate (2/3 of the items on the agenda). On the other hand, ‘B’ section of the Council agenda includes points:
− Left over from previous Council meetings
− No agreement reached in Coreper/ at working party level
− Too politically sensitive to be settled at a lower level

CAST FGIV (1 decks)

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