EU Law Overview Flashcards
What is the significance of the European Community?
The European Community refers to the three original Communities established in the 1950s, later redefined by the Maastricht and Lisbon Treaties.
How did nationalism influence the European Economic Community (EEC)?
Nationalism played a significant role in shaping the EEC in response to the 20th-century wars, pushing European states toward cooperation and integration.
What was established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957?
The Treaty of Rome established the EEC, creating a common market and allowing for the free movement of goods, workers, capital, and services.
What reforms were introduced by the Single European Act (SEA) in 1986?
The SEA introduced institutional and substantive reforms, enhanced the role of the European Parliament, and expanded EU competence in areas like the internal market and environmental policy.
What is the Three-Pillar System introduced by the Maastricht Treaty?
The Three-Pillar System included the European Community, Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), and Justice and Home Affairs (JHA), separating these areas into different frameworks.
How did the Treaty of Amsterdam (1997) impact EU powers?
It expanded EU powers in areas like non-discrimination and human rights, but left unresolved issues concerning enlargement.
What did the Lisbon Treaty (2009) achieve?
The Lisbon Treaty replaced the Constitutional Treaty, reformed EU governance, and merged the EU and EC into one legal entity while removing federalist symbols like an EU anthem.
What was the EU’s response to the financial crisis?
The EU responded to the financial crisis with economic oversight and financial assistance, leading to austerity measures in countries like Greece.
What are the key concerns of the Rule of Law crisis?
The crisis mainly involves challenges to judicial independence in Poland and Hungary, raising concerns about adherence to the EU’s rule of law principles.
How has the refugee crisis affected the EU?
Conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa led to a large influx of refugees, overwhelming the EU’s asylum system and causing divisions among Member States.
What is the significance of Brexit for the EU?
Brexit, where the UK left the EU in 2020, has had significant implications for the EU, leading to complex negotiations and changes in EU dynamics.
How did the EU respond to the COVID-19 pandemic?
The EU introduced health initiatives and economic support, such as the Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme, to address the impact of the pandemic.
What does the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (EUWA) do?
The EUWA 2018 repeals the European Communities Act (ECA) 1972 and converts existing EU law into UK law to prevent legal voids post-Brexit.
What is the function of Section 2 of the EUWA?
Section 2 EUWA saves EU-derived domestic legislation in UK law, ensuring it continues to apply post-Brexit.
How does Section 3 of the EUWA impact UK law post-Brexit?
Section 3 EUWA incorporates directly applicable EU legislation into UK law, ensuring that EU regulations and decisions continue after Brexit.
