eu law

Question 1

dassonvile

Answer 1

definition of MEQR- any trading rule that is capable of hindering, directly or indirectly, potentially or actually intra community trade

Question 2

cassis de dijon

Answer 2

goods lawfully marketed in one MS must be accepted in another MS unless being objectively justified

Question 3

commission v Belgium

Answer 3

environmental protection as justification under 36 TFEU

Question 4

Gerhard

Answer 4

definition of establishment - pursuing stable and continuous activity in another MS

+ Principle of proportionality requires that any restrictive measure must be appropirate necessary and proportionate to achieve their objective

Question 5

Reyners

Answer 5

discriminatory measures must be justified by overriding public interest grounds

Question 6

statistical levy

Answer 6

any charge is a breach under 30 TFEU if it hinders market

Question 7

state aid

Answer 7

• The measure must confer an advantage unavailable under normal market conditions
• it involves state resources
• advantage is selective
• measure affects trade

Question 8

worker

Answer 8

Individuals engages in any effective economic activity, regardless of the level of the income

Question 9

kempf

Answer 9

individuals earning minimal wages, supplemented by socials benefits are still workers

Question 10

Aranyosi and caldararu

Answer 10

The national court must identify systemic or generalized deficiencies in the issuing state’s judiciary

Question 11

LM

Answer 11

Clarified that deficiencies msy create a specific and individualized risk for the individuals concerned

Question 12

hofner

Answer 12

undertakings hindering competition

Question 13

quinine

Answer 13

informal agreements (gentleman’s agreements) extending to sales in the common market violate article 101(1)TFEU

Question 14

wood pulp

Answer 14

when the firms in the market with a few sellers and high transparency had set uniform prices, the court examined whether this was due to natural market conditions or collusion. parallel pricing alone doesn’t constitute a concerned practice unless its the only plausible explanation.

Question 15

micheline

Answer 15

products with unique characteristics and uses may constitute separate markets

Question 16

defining relevant market:

Answer 16

product- (demand and supply side), geographic, temporal (markets can change over time)

Question 17

united brands

Answer 17

dominant firms cannot refuse reasonable orders from longstanding customers

Question 18

to trigger art 101

Answer 18

agreement, concerted practice, decision

Question 19

levin

Answer 19

part time workers

Question 20

plaumann

Question 21

Copenhagen criteria