EU Foreign Policy Flashcards
not be a hoe
Dayton Accords 1995
US led peace agreement ending Bosnian War - one of the Yugoslav conflicts. Evidenced EU impotence in foreign security/defense policy
Kosovo Crisis 1998-1999
Significant for further evidence of EU impotence/lack of security architecture. Impetus for creating a CFSP
Saint Malo 1998
Franco-British Summit; Chiraq + Blair
France increasingly atlanticist - rapproachment with NATO
UK more europeanist
Declared need for EU to have autonomous capacity militarily in response security/crisis questions; birthplace of ESDP
Minsk Agreement 2014
ceasefire sponsored by OSCE to end Ukraine-Russia fighting
European Global Strategy 2013
in contrast to European Security Strategy this was more realistic/humble; not intent on EU interests/export/civilian power;
revisits STRATEGIC AUTONOMY - EU will get autonomy via NATO not in competition with it
Regional Involvement entails RESILIENCE > normative power / reform in neighborhood
Strategic Autonomy
brought up in Saint Malo and EGS (2013)
Realpolitik
international government policy concerned with perceived interests of the nation. Politics based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations
Emerging Countries
BRICS - Brazil, India, China, South Africa
MINT - Mexico, India, Nigeria, Turkey
Euromaidan 2013
wave of demonstrations and civil unrest in Ukraine, November 2013. In response to Uk president Yanukovych rejected signing EU AA
OSCE
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
ENP 2004
flagship regional policy
Originally targetted eastern neighbors - Belarus, Mldova, Ukrained
ENP 2004
Flagship regional policy
Originally targeted eastern neighbors - Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, Russia (rejected).
To create balance southern Mediterranean and later caucuses included.
Turkey only joined after made clear this wasn’t an alternative to joining the union.
Mobility, Markets, Money
“Everything but the institutions”
limited success - has been revisited multiple times, visa access facilitated for some Eastern countries;
Concentric Circles
framework for gradual integration short of actual accession; meant as compromise to Widening vs. Deepening Debate
proposed by Commission Prez Jacques Delors
EU –> EFTA (EEA) –> CEECs (association agreements) –> Soviet Union/Former soviet countries (Partnership and Cooperation Agreements)
Failed to place CEECs who watned to return to Europea
Concentric Circles 1990
framework for gradual integration short of actual accession; meant as compromise to Widening vs. Deepening Debate
proposed by Commission Prez Jacques Delors
EU –> EFTA (EEA) –> CEECs (association agreements) –> Soviet Union/Former soviet countries (Partnership and Cooperation Agreements)
FAILED: CEECs who wanted to return to Europe and Yugoslav conflict increased urgency of accession (buffer zone)
Copenhagen Criteria 1993
Council meets to determine membership conditions:
- Stable institutions that can guarantee democracy, rule of law, and respect for human rights, [protection of minorities
- Functioning market economy & the ability to cope with competitive pressure & market forces w/in Union
- Ability to accept the obligations of membership i.e. aims of the political, economic & monetary union & the acquis communautaire
- willingness to participate in the CFSP & possibly a common defense policy
PHARE
Pologne-Hungarie Aid a la Reconstruction Economique
conditional aid program aimed at Poland/Hungary
intended to establish democracy and economic reform
High Politics/Low Politics
High - military
High Politics/Low Politics
High - has to do with survival of the nation; national and international security concerns; military
Low - everything else to do with nation; easy/non contencious
The reason EC/EU was able to integrate economically more easily than political/security and defense is bc of this perceived difference bw trade as low politics vs. S/D as high politics
How did EU-US relations develop?
There was a general post-war interdependence across all fields - economic, political, and security based. E.g. equal trade partners - overall they held more than 50% of each others inflows, outflows and FDIs (China replaced US as major importer thoo)
The US was committed to rebuilding/restructuring Europe on a market basis (Marshal Plan), and a political/security basis (to fight off the common Soviet threat which later transformed into the MUZLEM THREAT)
Institutional Relations: - Transatlantic Declaration 1990 - New Transatlantic Agenda 1995 -Transatlantic Economic Partnership 1995 (mutual recognition agreements) - Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership 2013
But its not all dandy there are sources of conflict/differences:
- values
- climate
- US manipulation of EU internal divisions through “Special Relationships” with member states
- contrasting cultural styles -
How did transatlantic relations develop?
There was a general post-war interdependence across all fields - economic, political, and security based. E.g. equal trade partners - overall they held more than 50% of each others inflows, outflows and FDIs (China replaced US as major importer thoo)
The US was committed to rebuilding/restructuring Europe on a market basis (Marshal Plan), and a political/security basis (to fight off the common Soviet threat which later transformed into the MUZLEM THREAT)
Institutional Relations: - Transatlantic Declaration 1990 - New Transatlantic Agenda 1995 -Transatlantic Economic Partnership 1995 (mutual recognition agreements) - Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership 2013
But its not all dandy there are sources of conflict/differences:
- values
- climate
- US manipulation of EU internal divisions through “Special Relationships” with member states
- contrasting cultural styles: hard vs. soft power
Neofunctionalism
A theory of regional integration
DCFTA
Deep and Comprehensive FTAs
Constructive Engagement
A response to emerging economies not included in development plans. Used in cases where the EU has little leverage over the other country/region - no carrot/stick!
EEAS
European External Action Service
