EU Dev As A Security Actor Flashcards
Internal drivers of internal security cooperation
Single European market; ‘peoples Europe’ - social dimensions; intermesticity; inter gratin ambition; technology - comms & transport; EU enlargement - more borders
External drivers of internal security cooperation
Collapse of USSR (Soviet Union); new security agenda - focus on crime & terrorism; economic migrants - E euro lower econ standards than W so pressure on econ migration; political drivers - civil war; specific external events - 9/11; privatisation
HISTORY - 1967 agenda
Naples I Convention to reduce smuggling by developing mutual assistance between customs authorities
HISTORY - TREVI 1975
Consisted of increase cooperation between police and security forces to prevent terrorism
HISTORY - Schengen 1985
Led by France and Germany and focused on a wider system of free movement and also led negotiations for single euro market.
HISTORY - Amsterdam Treaty
Objective = ‘area of freedom, security and justice’, treaty made fundamental commitment to this. All new MS would need to agree to security and law systems.
HISTORY - Lisbon Treaty
Industrialised Amsterdam treaty commitment, ensuring that security measures would increase value of EU. Extended QMV to range of internal security matters. Reinforced EU competences in criminal procedural law. Introduced possibility of establishing a European public prosecutor and legislation defining conditions under which police officers can operate in the territory of another MS.
4 key areas of EU internal security cooperation
Information sharing & common threat assessment; convergence of national security systems - new MS forced to adapt systems; facilitation of cross-border cooperation; common international action - increase security capacity
2010 security strategy
Dealing with common threats - Terrorism; serious and organised crime due to reduced internal borders making it easier eg. Drug/human/arms trafficking and sexual exploitation; cyber-crime and threats to info system as it became apparent such systems were being manipulated & and needed prevention to stop misinformation spreading; natural and man made disasters; violence; road traffic accidents.
2015 security strategy
Objective = better info exchange & increased operational cooperation. 5 principles - total compliance with fundamental rights; increase citizen confidence by more transparency, accountability & democratic control; better application & implementation of existing EU legislation; more joined up inter-agency and cross-sectorial approach; bringing together all I+E dimensions of security. Priorities = terrorism, organised crime and cybercrime
2020-25 security strategy
4 strategic priorities focused on environment - future-proof security environment inc. protection & resilience of critical infrastructure both physical & digital; tackling evolving threats, eg. Cybercrime and threats to social cohesion; protection from terrorism and organised crime; a strong European security ecosystem
Limitations and controversies
National sovereignty- EU cannot enforce, Lisbon emergency brake if MS feels national interest is at stake to protect national sovereignty; implementation deficits at EU & national levels, eg. Prüm framework (automated comparison of DNA/fingerprint/vehicle reg data) with only a few MS implementing there legal obligations; question of balance between freedom, security and justice - to be secure share as much with as many as possible but can conflict with rights and hinder ability to maximise security; Accountability; opt outs, eg. Denmark & exits, eg. Brexit.
