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Orthodontics I > Etiology of Malocclusion Part 1 > Flashcards

Etiology of Malocclusion Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

List the predisposing factors to malocclusion:

A
  1. disturbances in embryologic development
  2. heredity (genetics)
  3. functional matrix (muscular/functional disturbances & habits)
  4. traumas (especially mandibular fractures)
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2
Q

Give an example of a functional matrix that may be a predisposing factor to malocclusion: (2)

A

muscular/functional disturbances & habits

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3
Q

What trauma specifically is a predisposing factor to malocclusions?

A

Mandibular fractures

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4
Q

What three factors contribute to malocclusion?

A
  1. genetics
  2. environmental
  3. other
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5
Q

What do we use for a reference point for a normal skeletal relationship?

A

cranial base

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6
Q

We use the cranial base as a reference point for no real skeletal relationship. This includesL (2)

A
  1. position & projection of the upper jaw
  2. position & projection of the lower jaw
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7
Q

Malocclusions occur in:

A

3 dimensions

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8
Q

Angle classification is based on:

A

AP relationships

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9
Q

List the relative percentages for the following:

  • Normal occlusion
  • Class I malocclusion
  • Class II malocclusion
  • Class III malocclusion
A
  • Normal occlusion: 30%
  • Class I malocclusion: 50-55%
  • Class II malocclusion: 15%
  • Class III malocclusion: 1-4%
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10
Q

According to the intuitive theory, what is the cause of a Class I?

A

jaw WITHOUT prognathism

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11
Q

According to the intuitive theory, what is the cause of a class II?

A

maxillary prognathism

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12
Q

According to the intuitive theory, what is the cause of Class III?

A

mandibular prognathism

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13
Q

Class II malocclusion:

  • Mandibular _____
  • 40% present _____
  • Rarely ____
A
  • Mandibular retrognathism
  • Bimaxillary retrusion
  • True maxillary prognathism
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14
Q

T/F: A class II malocclusion is most commonly caused by a true maxillary prognathism

A

False- that is rare- typically caused by mandibular retrognathism

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15
Q

What percent of class II malocclusions present with bimaxillary retrusion?

A

40%

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16
Q
  • Mandibular retrognathism
  • 40% present bimaxillary retrusion
  • Rarely true maxillary prognathism
A

Class II malocclusion

17
Q

Describe a typical skeletal class II: (3)

A
  1. mandibular retrognathism
  2. proclined upper incisors
  3. deep bite
18
Q

Describe the typical bite for a skeletal class II:

A

deep bite

19
Q

Describe the incisors for a typical skeletal class II:

A

proclined upper incisors

20
Q
  • Mandibular retrognathism
  • Proclined upper incisors
  • Deep bite

(Skeletal class?)

A

Typical skeletal class II

21
Q
  • Jaws are well aligned in the anteroposterior dimension
  • Vertical and transverse dimensions are variable
A

Class I malocclusion

22
Q

In a class I malocclusion, the jaws are well aligned in the ____ dimension, while the ____ & ___ dimensions are variable

A

anteroposterior; vertical & transverse

23
Q

Transverse dimension involves the: (3)

A
  1. intermolar distance
  2. intercanine distance
  3. arch shape
24
Q

T/F: Both the intermolar distance and inter canine distance are involved with transverse dimension

A

true

25
Q

Class III malocclusion:

  • Maxillary ____
  • Mandibular ____
  • Usually a ____ of the two conditions
  • _____ dimension is variable causing a ____ to ___ bite
A
  • maxillary retrognathism
  • mandibular prognathism
  • combination
  • Vertical dimesnion; deep bite to open bite
26
Q
  • Maxillary retrognathism
  • Mandibular prognathism
  • Usually, a combination of the two conditions
  • Vertical dimension is variable, deep bite to open bite
A

Class III malocclusion

27
Q

Prevalence of class III malocclusion depends on:

A

the poplulation

28
Q

List the prevalence of Class III malocclusions based on the following populations:

  • Southeast Asian
  • Middle Eastern
  • Indian
  • European
A
  • Southeast Asian: 15%
  • Middle Eastern: 10%
  • Indian: 1%
  • European: 1-4%
29
Q

Fundamentally, mandibular growth is induced by both genetic and environmental mechanism, which interact with each other to produce:

A

class III phenotype

30
Q

List the components involved that contribute to the mandibular growth in a class III relationship:

A
  1. genes
  2. environment
  3. condylar cartilage (acted on by genes & environment)
31
Q

Fundamentally, mandibular growth is induced by:

A

both genetics and environmental mechanisms

32
Q

What is the etiology for an open bite?

A

multifactorial etiologies

33
Q

List some examples of the multifactorial etiology of an open bite: (4)

A
  1. Transitory
  2. Skeletal (genetic)
  3. Neuromuscular imbalance (CP)
  4. Combination sleep apnea
34
Q

What influences the neuromuscular imbalance seen with an open bite? (2)

A
  1. oral habits
  2. anterior tongue posture
35
Q
A

Orthodontics I (10 decks)

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