Etiology of Dental Diseases & Conditions

Question 0

Bacterial plaque is located in the plaque of… Name 3 locations

Answer 0

1. Plaque of a healthy mouth
2. Plaque associated with caries
3. Plaque of an individual with if inflammatory periodontal disease

Question 1

What is ‘a naturally acquired bacterial biofilm that develops on teeth’?

Answer 1

Dental plaque

Question 2

What 2 types of reactions do bacterial adhesion to surfaces involve?

Answer 2

1. Physicochemical

2. Biochemical

Question 3

What is: a hard calcified deposit of plaque that has become mineralized

Answer 3

Calculus

Question 4

Approx how many different species typically make up dental plaque biofilm?

Answer 4

150

Question 5

What are agents applied to the surface of the organism called?

Answer 5

Exogenous antimicrobial agents

Question 6

During what process do the cementum and dentin become exposed?

Answer 6

Gingival recession

Question 7

What is the thin microscopic coating of saliva materials that immediately covers an erupted tooth called? (These salivary components become adsorbed to the enamel surface within seconds)

Answer 7

Pellicle

Question 8

Why is the pellicle said to have an exogenous origin?

Answer 8

The pellicle was formed by a substance from outside the tooth rather than during he development of teeth

Question 9

What are microscopic organisms found in a specific area called?

Answer 9

Microbiota (oral)

Question 10

Define: endogenous origin

Answer 10

Derived from cells of the dental organ

Question 11

Define: exogenous origin

Answer 11

Acquired following eruption of the teeth into the oral cavity

Question 12

What is the acellular coating of salivary origin that forms on exposed tooth surfaces called?

Answer 12

Acquired pellicle

Question 13

What is the acquired pellicle primarily made up of?

Answer 13

Glycoproteins

Question 14

Name 3 simple factors that influence the buildup of plaque.

Answer 14

1. Mechanical displacement
2. Stagnation
3. Availability of nutrients

Question 15

What is stagnation?

Answer 15

Colonization in a sheltered or undisturbed environment

Question 16

Name 2 complex factors that influence the buildup of plaque.

Answer 16

1. Interactions between the microbes

2. The host’s inflammatory-immune systems

Question 17

What type of anaerobe can exist in an environment with/without oxygen?

Answer 17

Facultative

Question 18

What type of anaerobe can only exist in an environment with oxygen?

Answer 18

Obligate anaerobe

Question 19

What is the dome formation of plaque called?

Answer 19

Hemidesmosomes

Question 20

What is the term for ‘white matter’?

Answer 20

Materia alba

Question 21

What is: a hydrophobic (due to its amino acid content) structural protein that constitutes the bulk of some fimbria

Answer 21

Pilin

Question 22

Name 4 of the possible molecular mechanisms that mediate attachment of bacteria to teeth during dental plaque formation

Answer 22

1. Hydrophobic interaction (bacterial phenylalanine + leucine of salivary glycoprotein in the acquired pellicle)
2. Calcium bridging (electrostatic attraction of bacteria to Ca2+ which is attracted to PO4- of salivary phosphoprotein in the AP)
3. Extra cellular polysaccharide (host’s dietary sucrose is converted by bacterial glucosyltransferase to glucan which has many hydrophobic groups
4. Surface appendage (bacteria’s fimbria surface appendage -> terminal adhesin -> binds to sugar of the AP

Question 23

What is the name for the colonizing bacteria that are able to stick directly on the pellicle?

Answer 23

Primary colonizers

Or

Pioneer species

Question 24

Bacterial colonizers that may be able to colonize an existing bacterial layer are called...?

Answer 24

Secondary colonizers

Question 25

What wave of colonizers are the likely etiologic agents of dental caries and periodontal diseases?

Answer 25

Secondary colonizers

Question 26

What type of colonizers are: cocci

Answer 26

Primary

Question 27

What is the typical arrival order of bacterial colonizers on the AP?

Answer 27

G+ 1. Streptococcus sanguine 2. Streptococcus mutans 3. Neisseria, Rothia G- 4. Veillonella, treponema, porphyromonas, prevotella, fusobacterium

Question 28

What are columnar microcolonies of cells called?

Answer 28

Palisades

Question 29

What is: a safe haven (for plaque organisms) in relation to their neighbors and oral environment

Answer 29

Ecologic niche

Question 30

What is the term for when: the bacteria if the resident microbiota coexist with the host and the surrounding microcosm?

Answer 30

Symbiosis

Question 31

In what manner can resident microbiota protect the host against infection by major primary pathogens?

Answer 31

Symbiosis: results in a resistance to colonization by subsequent non indigenous organisms

Question 32

What are the 3 crystals in calculus?

Answer 32

1. Hydroxyapatite 2. Brushite 3. Whitlockite