Etiology

Question 1

Causes of Cough with Normal Chest Xray

Answer 1

1. GERD
2. ACEI
3. Cough-variant Asthma
4. Postnasal Drip

Question 2

Causes of Anemia in CKD

Answer 2

1. Hemoglobinopathy
2. Folate or Vitamin B12 deficiency
3. Co-morbid conditions: hyper/hypothyroidism, pregnancy, HIV-associated disease, autoimmune disease, immunosuppressive drugs
4. Bleeding diathesis
5. Decreased red blood cell survival
6. Hyperparathyroidism or bone marrow fibrosis
7. Iron deficiency due to poor dietary absorption and gastrointestinal loss
8. Chronic inflammation
9. Relative deficiency of EPO

Question 3

Leading Causes of CKD

Answer 3

1. Diabetic Nephropathy
2. Glomerulonephritis
3. Hypertension-associated CKD
4. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
5. Cystic and tubulointerstitial nephropathy