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Ethology Mid-Term 1 > Ethology Midterm1 > Flashcards

Ethology Midterm1 Flashcards

1
Q

How do sows fight?

A

By attacking the flank. They’ll lift and push.

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2
Q

When are sows most aggressive?

A

Around piglets, to establish social order, after weaning and put back together. they use their weight and bite.

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3
Q

How can you modify sheep behavior?

A

Rearing (bottle raised vs field raised)

Training (feeding and reptition)

Flock or Herd Leaders (Judas)

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4
Q

Flight Zone

A

Distance at which sheep are going to start running/scattering. Sheep alone are pretty nervous, important to keep them together.

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5
Q

Types of Sheep?

A

Hair vs Wool Sheep

Hair sheep tend to be more flighty than wool sheep.

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6
Q

How would you herd sheep? What are the critical distances and flight zones?

A

Approach (Animals become alert and start to group. Gauge what response will be)

Flight Distance (Animals move away as a group-controlled)

Escape (lose Control of the group)

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7
Q

Psittaciformes

A

Parrots/Parrolets

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8
Q

Passeriformes

A

Sonbirds

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9
Q

Columbiformes

A

Pigeons/Doves

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10
Q

Galiformes

A

Pigeons/Doves

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11
Q

Anseriformes

A

Waterfowl

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12
Q

Falconiformes

A

Hawks/Falcons/Eagles

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13
Q

Strigiformes

A

Owls

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14
Q

Birds

Integumentary

A

Feather Picking, Self-Mutiliation

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15
Q

Birds

Respiratory Problems

A

Panting, Coughing, sneezing

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16
Q

Birds: Gastrointestinal Abnormal Behavior

A

Polyphagia (Excessive Hunger)

Polydipsia (Excessive Thirst)

Anorexia

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17
Q

Bird: Abnormal Musculoskeletal

A

Inability to Fly/stand

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18
Q

Bird Abnormal Cardiovascular

A

Syncope: Fainting

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19
Q

Reproductive

Bird

Abnormal Behavior

A

chronic egg laying

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20
Q

Nervous

Abnormal Bird Behavior

A

seizure-like activity, agitation, night-frights

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21
Q

Average mental age of psittacines

A

2 year old child

Will often experiment undesirable behaviors to gain attention

Prone to obsessive-compulsive disorders

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22
Q

Will dominance and aggression work with birds?

A

No.

Dominance and aggression which work with species like dogs will not work with birds. They respond best to positive reinforcement.

Positive Reinforcement is anything that occurs in conjunction with an act that tends to increase the likelihood that the act will occur again

Negative Reinforcement (aversion / harassment training) is anything that the subject will work to avoid

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23
Q

Bird Undesirable behaviors?

A
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24
Q

Sick Bird Signs

A

Increased, agitated vocalizations

Decreased vocalizations

Ruffled feathers

Decreased food and water intake

Solitary rather than social

Unable to stand / fly

Somnolence when undisturbed

Will often rouse when disturbed and try to appear normal

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25
Q

Blind spots on a horse?

A

Directly behind them, top of their head, over their back, space directly behind rear end , Directly beneath their nose

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26
Q

Vomeronasal Organ

A

Organ inside their upper mouth and can sense/smell phermones. Horses do this behavior–Flehman Response s

27
Q

Neighs and whinnies –

A

long distance, esp when separated from others

28
Q

Nickers –

A
29
Q

Squeals

A
30
Q

Short snorts

A

alarm, play

31
Q

Groans, sighs, blow

A

discomfort, tired, bored

32
Q

Roars and screams

A

extreme arousal

33
Q

Foot stomp –

A

low level threat, discomfort

34
Q

Pawing

A

frustration

35
Q

Horses function best when?

A

Can graze at least 70% of the time

36
Q
A
37
Q

Conditions Conducive to Steriotypy Development

A

Social isolation
Restriction of movement
Sterile environment (bored, low sensory input)
Very novel environment
Conditions inducing frustration and conflict
Conditions in which species specific stimuli are absent

38
Q

Headshaking in horses?

A

Light stimulated or neuropathically mediated trigeminal nerve pain

39
Q

True or false: camelids Prefer to be touched on back and distal neck by humans

A
40
Q
A
41
Q
A
42
Q

grain spit: Alpaca

A
43
Q

saliva spit : Alpaca

A
44
Q

Serious Spit:

A
45
Q

Sexual behavior of camelids

How long can breeding take?

Do breed year round?:

A

Induced ovulators
10 -12d follicular waves
Male “rides” female until she lays down.
Breeding takes 20 minutes or more! (5 to 50 minutes)
May breed year round

46
Q

Parturition in llamas/alpacas?

A

Criation or Unpacking

47
Q

When can rebreed? Camelids

A

Can rebreed 10 d post partum, but better conception/pregnancy rates at 20-30 d

48
Q

True or False for camelids:

Dystocia primarily due to length of neck and limbs

A
49
Q

How many bites do cattle take a day?

A

30,000 bites/day

50
Q

Cows: Go around or up hill?

A

Cattle are graders that go around the hill rather than up. Deer go up the hill.

51
Q

How much time do cattle spend on forages and on concentrates?

A

Spends 6-10 hour per day on forages

Spends 0-6 hours per day on concentrates

52
Q

What are the four major factors that contribute to free-stall usage?

A

Size

Lunge Space

Cushion

Friendly environment (air movement, temperature)

53
Q

Who’s on top for herd in cattle? What are the factors that determine this?

A

Physical Attirbutes (weight, size, age)

Genetic Basis

Hormonal Basis

Familial relationships: respect their elders

Social position persists throughout life

Group reared more dominant vs individual reared

54
Q
A
55
Q

How do we deal with intra-group aggression in cattle?

A

Remove weapons (horns)

Castrate bulls

Avoid mixing immediately before shipping

Adequate feed/watering space

Similar groups: size, age, even color

Tricks

56
Q

What is the cycle and estrous cycle for cattle?

A

21 day cycle with 2–18 hour estrous

57
Q

How long does it take precocious calve to stand?

A

10-60 minutes

58
Q

Why do we use the head locks?

A

Put more cows in less space. Bull cow can’t bully the other timid cows.

59
Q

Cattle prefer uphill or downhill?

A

Uphill

60
Q

How many cattle per area?

A

Usually less than 100

61
Q

Flight zone in cattle?

A

Up to 90 feet in range cattle but five feet to non existent in dairy cattle

62
Q

What is flight zone in cattle affected by?

A

Level of “tameness”, past experience, level of excitement and fear

63
Q
A

Ethology Mid-Term 1 (2 decks)

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