Ethological Explanations

Question 1

What is ethology?

Answer 1

Study of animals to explain human behaviour

Question 2

FAP

Answer 2

Fixed action patterns
A repertoire of stereotyped behaviours which occur in specific conditions which do not require learning.

Question 3

Characteristics of FAPs

Answer 3

•stereotyped
•universal
•not learnt
•ballistic- can’t be stopped
•specific triggers

Question 4

IRMs

Answer 4

Innate Releasing Mechanisms
Neural response to specific stimulus
Communicates with motor control circuits to activate FAPs

Question 5

Evidence of IRMs and FAPs

Answer 5

Tinbergen
Stickleback Fish
Act aggressively to red under belly

Question 6

Ritualistic Aggression

Answer 6

Aggressive behaviour to deter opponents and possibly avoid conflict
Human tribes

Question 7

Wolves and Doves

Answer 7

Humans are more like doves when in conflict- no powerful natural weapons - don’t develop strong instincts

Question 8

Weaknesses

Answer 8

• instinctive view underestimates environmental factors
• FAPs for humans are no longer adaptive in modern times
• assumes predators must also have instincts

Question 9

Strengths

Answer 9

+ritualistic aggression decreases chances of conflict