Ethnobotany chapter 11 Flashcards
Name 3 things in this classroom that are made from plants.
tables, walls, and wooden shelves
What is a fiber?
A thread or a filament, from a plant tissue.
What is phloem tissue?
plant tissues that conducts the transport of food throughout the plant
What is wood?
hard fibrous material that forms the main substance of a trunk
What is xylem tissue?
plant tissue that transports water & dissolved minerals throughout the plant
What makes fibers a white color?
cellulose
What are Sclerenchyma fiber cells?
elongated, thick walled cells, and dead plants
What makes fibers a brown color?
lignin
What method do they use to extract cotton fibers from the cotton plant?
ginning
What is ginning?
process of removing seed fibers
What are the 3 stages of extracting fibers from stems?
retting, scotching, and hackling
What is retting?
first process after harvesting to extract plant fibers
What is scotching?
process after retting, beating and scraping fibers to remove remaining unwanted tissue
What is hackling?
process of aligning the separate fibers in vertical pins to detangle them
What process is used to extract fibers from leaves?
decorticating
What is decorticating?
method used for leaf fibers
What are the 3 main plants we get surface fibers from?
coconut, cotton, and hemp
Coconut is in what family?
palm family
What process do they use to extract coconut fibers from the fruit?
retting
How long do they Rett coconuts?
10 months
Name 2 things coconut fibers can be used for?
ropes and matting
Give the common name for the cotton that is native to India and Pakistan
tree cotton
Give the common name for the cotton that is native to Africa and Arabia
levant cotton
Give one common name for the cotton that is native to the Americas, this cotton also makes up 90% of the worlds cotton
upland cotton
Give one common name for the cotton that is native to the Americas, this cotton provides the finest quality cotton threads and is popular in Egypt
Egyptian cotton
Which 2 cottons are from the old world?
tree cotton and levant cotton
Which 2 cottons are from the new world?
uplant cotton and sea island cotton
What is staple?
cotton hairs
What is the difference between linter and lint?
Linter- short, thick hairs. Lint- long, soft hairs
Who invented the cotton gin?
Eli Whitney
What did the cotton gin begin?
industrial revolution
How many pairs of jeans can you get from one bale of cotton?
325
Which spikey tree provides surface fibers?
Kapok tree
What are bast fibers?
soft fibers derived from thick walled phloem cells
What are the 3 bast fibers we talked about in class?
hemp, jute, and linen
Which is the second most produced fiber in the world? This is a type of bast fiber?
jute
Give one example of something made of jute fiber
twine
What fiber did Egyptians wrap their mummies in?
linin
Is linen strong?
yes
Give one example of something made of linin
bedsheets
Why is linen so expensive?
manual labor
Which fiber makes up the declaration of independence?
hard fibers
What are hard fibers?
extracted from leaves of certain plants with long parallel veins
What are the 2 hard fibers we talked about in class?
sisal and abaca
Which fiber is extracted from the agave leaves?
sisal
Which fiber is extracted from the banana plant?
abaca
Name two items made from banana fibers
tea bags and food wrappings
