Ethnicity & Policies Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 approaches the government took towards increasing ethnic minorities in the UK, 1960-1990s?

A

1960-70s - assimilation
1980s - multiculturalism
1990s - social inclusion

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2
Q

What is assimilation?

A

Expecting and encouraging ethnic minorities to integrate themselves into UK culture, ‘becoming British’

In education: teaching students English and British culture

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3
Q

What is positive about assimilation?

A

Having a shared culture creates social solidarity and brings people together

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4
Q

What is negative about assimilation?

A

Encourages ethnic minorities to abandon their own cultures

African-Caribbean students can speak English, but still underachieve. The real causes of underachievement are poverty and racism, not language

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5
Q

What is multiculturalism?

A

Encouraging many cultures to live alongside each other, respecting each others’ differences

In education: teaching about other cultures in school

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6
Q

What is positive about multiculturalism?

A

Spreads awareness about other cultures

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7
Q

What is negative about multiculturalism?

A

Tokenism - looks like the government is making change, without addressing real problems, e.g. reducing institutional racism

New Right: education should promote a shared culture, not create divisions

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8
Q

What is social inclusion?

A

Creating policies to encourage different cultures to live alongside each other, and putting in protections for ethnic minorities

In education: monitoring exam results for ethnic minorities and promoting racial equality in schools

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9
Q

What is positive about social inclusion?

A

Monitoring exam results means that the government can see which ethnic minorities need more support

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10
Q

What is negative about social inclusion?

A

Mirza (2005): takes a ‘soft approach’ and blames the victims, focussing on cultural differences rather than structural, internal issues

Gillborn: focus should be on policies that are institutionally racist, such as the ethnocentric curriculum

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