Ethnicity And Crime Flashcards
What does the Macpherson Report say about institutionalised racism and canteen culture?
Institutionalised racism is the collective failure of an organisation to provide an appropriate and professional service to people because of their colour, culture or ethnic origin e.g. Stephen Lawrence murder
What does The Runnymede Trust 2009 say about institutionalised racism and canteen culture?
Only 4% of police officers were from minority ethnic backgrounds which shows that police culture is still white dominated
What does Reiner say about institutionalised racism and canteen culture?
Canteen culture is the idea that police officers have developed distinctive values and a strong collective identity as a result of the pressure and hostility of their job. Core characteristics include cynicism, conservatism suspicion and racism
What point can be used to evaluate institutional racism and canteen culture?
Phillips and Bowling who suggest that minority ethnic groups are more likely to be unemployed and live in inner city areas so are more likely to commit crime
What do Lea and Young suggest is the reason for ethnic differences in offending?
Ethnic minorities suffer relative deprivation and are socially and economically marginalised with little representation in organisations with power and influence. This can lead to the formation of subcultures that may turn to crime as a reaction or a way of achieving what they want
What point can be used to evaluate Lea and Young’s idea of marginalisation?
Not everyone who experiences relative deprivation turn to crime and concentrating on ethnic minorities can perpetuate racist stereotypes
What does Gilroy suggest is the reason for ethnic differences in offending?
The myth of Black criminality. Crime is a legacy of the struggle against white dominance in former colonies and a conscious continuation of anti-colonial struggles. It is a political and revolutionary response to inequality and discrimination. Rastafarianism contains a set of political and revolutionary ideas about overthrowing white authority. Followers face confrontation with the police over things such as marijuana use
What point can be used to evaluate Gilroy’s idea of the myth of Black criminality?
Lea and Young argue that crimes committed by the Black community are often intraracial so cant reflect the political struggle against white majority. Gilroy romanticises crime and ignores the harm caused
What does Hall et al say about ethnic differences in offending?
He studied the 1970s muggings. The country was undergoing industrial unrest with widespread strikes, rising unemployment and recession. Media used selective and stereotypical reporting to represent young black males as folk devils. The focus on this group, who were already viewed negatively, served to draw attention away from the country’s crisis and to focus the blame on a scapegoat who were powerless as they lacked organisations to represent their interests. This justified the over policing in ethnic minority areas
What point can be used to evaluate Hall at al’s idea?
The association between Black youth and criminality is still present and may be down to racism rather than a crisis in capitalism
What does Parmar argue is the reason for ethnic differences in offending?
Asian groups face high levels of relative deprivation but are less likely to be convicted of offences. Asian parents have more control over their children’s whereabouts and religion is more central with traditional values passed down through generations whereas Black families tend to have more lone parents
What point can be used to evaluate Parmar’s idea?
Can’t generalise family structure. Also a growth in divorce rate and the country is becoming more secular so religion doesn’t hold as much importance
What does the Crime Survey for England and Wales say about being a victim of crime?
The risk of being a victim of crime is higher for non-whites, even though they contribute to less of the population
What do Phillips and Bowling say about being a victim of crime?
Those in inner city areas are more likely to be victims
What does Clancy say about being a victim of crime?
Differences due to age, class and deprivation affect the chance of being a victim more than being a member of an ethnic minority group
