ethnicity and crime Flashcards
what did the home office say about stop and search?
The home office stated that black people are 7x more likely to stopped and searched than white people.
Black people make up just how much of the population but how much end up in the prison population?
3% of black people make up the population, but 13.1% of black people are in the prison population.
Asians make up just how much of the population but how much end up in the prison population?
6.5% of asians make up the population, but 7.7% of the prison population
what did Howard Cicourel say about what the criminal justice system reinforces?
The criminal justice system reinforces stereotypes about who is seen as criminal.
what did cicourel say about how white middle-class offenders are seen as and how ethnic minorities and working-class youths are labelled as?
white middle-class offenders are seen as ‘troubled’ and given second chances, whereas ethnic minorities and working-class youths were labelled as deviant and treated more harshly.
according to Cicourel what did police see young black and asian males as?
They saw them as more “suspicious” and “criminal”
what is Becker’s selective law enforcement?
Becker argued that ethnic minorities are more likely to be criminalised by the police. The police tend to focus on street crime in ethnic minority communities, while ignoring white collar crime (non-violent crimes for financial gain) or crimes committed by the wealthy.
what percent of hate crime in the UK are race related (home office)
70% of hate crimes in the UK are race-related.
why are muslims most likely to be face discrimination?
muslims are more likely to be victims of religiously motivated attacks because of the way the media represents them negatively, particularly in the context of global terrorism.
what was the 9/11 terrorist attack about? (this is an example than can be used to explain why people see muslims as a threat)
Al Qaeda terrorists kidnapped 4 commercial (money) passenger planes in the united states.
what did Graham and Bowling find out about asian people?
He found that asian people were found to have lower crime rates than both black and white people. Although, they were still overrepresented in the statistics in certain types of crime. Graham and Bowling believed it to be because of discrimination.
what did Graham and Bowling find out about overrepresentation in crime statistics? (black people)
Black people were unevenly represented in crime statistics. This could be because of factors like police stereotyping and racism, leading to ethnic minorities being more likely to be stopped, searched, arrested and convicted (found guilty)
What did Graham and Bowling say about black people and white people?
They said black people and white people had similar crime rates , both reporting similar levels of involvement in criminal activities.
what did Phillips and Bowling say?
they discovered that ethnic minorities are unfairly targeted by the police.
what did Phillips and Bowling find out about stop, searches and arrests?
They found that ethnic minorities (especially black and asian people) were more likely to be stopped, searched and arrested by the police than white people.
what is Phillips and Bowling’s discovery on stop, searches and arrest on EM known as and why?
this is known as ‘racial profiling’, since the police focus more on certain ethnic groups because of stereotypes instead of actual criminal behaviour.
why did Phillips and Bowling argue that there is institutional racism within the police force?
It was highlighted in the Macpherson Report (1999), which found that the police force was institutionally racist. Especially in cases like the murder of Stephen Lawrence, since they failed to properly investigate his death due to racial discrimination.
what is canteen culture? (introduced by Phillips and Bowling)
In social settings, like police canteens they share views about ethnic minorities. This is why there’s racism within the police workforce.
One of the key points on canteen culture by phillips and bowling states what type of view officers hold against certain ethnic groups?
officers hold a prejudiced view about certain ethnic groups, particulary black people. These stereotypes include viewing black people as criminals and very dangerous individuals.
what did Phillips and Bowling say about how beliefs within the police force encourage officers to see their job as what?
police officers see their job as protecting society from certain ethnic minority groups. CREATING AN US VS THEM MENTALITY. This leads to racial profiling, since officers focus on EM for stop and searches even without clear evidence that they have committed any deviant act.
How does cantten culture contribute to institutional racism within the police force?
Officers share their negative views about ethnic minorities causing other officers to end up having ingrained racist attitudes towards them.
