Ethnicity

Question 1

Beretier & englemann

Answer 1

Language spoken by low income, black American families is inadequate for educational success
Children who don’t speak English at home may be held back

Question 2

Gillborn & Mirza

Answer 2

Reject beretier & englemann as Asian pupils do well even though English isn’t usually their first language

Question 3

Moynihan

Answer 3

Many black families are headed by a lone mother so boys don’t have a male role model to look up to

Question 4

Murray

Answer 4

Lack of positive male role model leads to underachievement

Question 5

Sewell

Answer 5

Pack of fatherly nurturing “tough love”
Media inspired anti school male role model
———-
Asian & Chinese benefit from supportive families & “Asian work ethic”
———-
Boys responses
Rebels - anti school
Conformists - pro school
Retreatists - disconnected from black & school
Innovators - pro education, anti school

Question 6

Gilborn

Answer 6

Assessment fixed to maintain dominant culture superiority
Used to have baseline assessments (black did well) & they changed then to foundation stage profile
Whites did better due to:
FSP - teacher assessed
Change in time

Question 7

Lupton

Answer 7

Ethnic minorities are more likely to see education as a “way up” in society

Question 8

McCulloch

Answer 8

Surveyed 16,000 boys & found that ethnic minorities more likely to aspire to go to uni

Question 9

Driver

Answer 9

Cultural deprivation theory ignores positive effects ethnicity has on educational achievement

Question 10

Lawrence

Answer 10

Black pupils underachieve due to racism

Question 11

Keddie

Answer 11

Ethnic minorities are culturally different not culturally deprived
They underachieve due to an ethnocentric curriculum

Question 12

Palmer

Answer 12

1/2 ethnic minorities live in low income households vs 1/4 white
Ethnic minorities 3x more likely to be homeless
Why?
Many live in economically depressed areas - high unemployment, low wages
Cultural factors prevent women working

Question 13

Madrid

Answer 13

Class doesn’t override ethnicity

Effects of low income worse for whites

Question 14

Rex

Answer 14

Racial discrimination can lead to social exclusion & increased poverty

Question 15

Wood et al

Answer 15

Sent 3 applications to 1000 jobs 
Each had a name associated with an ethnic group 
1 white 2 ethnic minority
1 in 16 em got an interview 
1 in 9 white got an interview

Question 16

Gillborn & Youdell

Answer 16

As a result of the A-C economy & educational triage, negative stereotypes about black pupils ability could mean they’re pun in lower sets

Question 17

Foster

Answer 17

Sterotypes of bad behaviour could mean black pupils are put in lower sets - leading to a SFP

Question 18

Wright

Answer 18

Study of multi ethnic primary school, teachers assumed Asians had a poor grasp of English so left them out of group discussion - saw as threat they could ignore

Question 19

Archer

Answer 19

Ideal pupil - m/c, acchieves in right way
Pathologied pupil - Asian, deserving poor, culture bound achievement
Demonised pupil - black & white wc, unintelligent, peer led, culturally deprived

Question 20

Fuller

Answer 20

Studied group of year 11 girls who were high achievers where most were in low streams, instead of accepting the negative stereotype they channeller their anger into educational success

Question 21

Mac an ghail

Answer 21

Looked at A Levels of black & Asian students and found that they didn’t always accept labels

Question 22

Troy’s & Williams

Answer 22

Individual racism - single teacher

Institutional racism - built into way institution works

Question 23

Moore & Davenport

Answer 23

Selection procedures can lead to ethnic segregation so em fail to get into better schools who favour white mc

Question 24

Ball

Answer 24

National curriculum promotes “little englandism”

Question 25

Tikley et al

Answer 25

“Aiming high” introduced to raise black achievement, although they are more likely to be entered for lower tier exams