Ethnicity Flashcards

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1
Q

Phillips and Bowling Theory

A

Police use “military style” policing due to institutionalised racism

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2
Q

Strengths of Phillips and Bowling’s theory?

A

Aknowledge use of harmful labelling
+
supported by interactionists

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3
Q

Weaknesses of Phillips and Bowling’s theory?

A

Institutionalised racism doesnt explain all reasons for use of military style policing

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4
Q

Hood’s theory

A

Courts are more likely to give harsher sentences to black males

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5
Q

Strength of Hood’s Theory?

A

It is current and useful

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6
Q

Weaknesses of Hood’s theory?

A

Home statistics prove that black males and white males commit the same amounts of crime

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7
Q

Hall et al’s theory

A

Afro-Caribbeans are labelled by the media. Muggings became known as a “black crime”

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8
Q

Strength of Hall et al’s theory?

A

recognises the damage the media can cause with harmful stereotypes

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9
Q

Weaknesses of Hall et al’s theory?

A

NO evidence to suggest crime is “black” or rising

focus on “black crime” allows greater use of police powers

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10
Q

Functionalist Theory?

A

Immigrants need to assimilate into the host country

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11
Q

Park’s Host immigration model stage 1

A

Assimilation happens - they go to school, job

start to change their traditions

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12
Q

Park’s Host immigration model stage 2

A

Expectation from the Host country for people to lose their traditions and “fit in”

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13
Q

Weakness of Park’s theory

A

presents an uncertain unified host society
what is that?
+
Ignores racism in the host culture (wanting immigrants to fit in)

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14
Q

Marxist theory - Castles and Kosak?

A

Use ethnic minority workers - pay low wages which excuses poor living conditions
Beneficial to capitalism

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15
Q

Marxism Cox theory?

A

Racism is socially constructed by Bourgeoisie to justify exploitation

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16
Q

Weaknesses of Marxist’s theory

A

Ignore the success of ethnic minorities - politically and economically

17
Q

Left Realists theory?

Lea and Young

A

Marginalisation and Relative Deprivation
Racist Police practices
Black people are underrepresented in politics = deviant subcultures

18
Q

Weaknesses of Lea and Young’s Theory

A

Marginalised and Relatively deprived people will always have highest rates of offending
Institutionalised racism cannot be the only explanation
+
Gilroy criticism - “Black criminality” is a myth and black people fight in political ways

19
Q

Gilroy - Neo-Marxist Theory?

A

Anti-racist approach
“back criminality” is a myth - black people fight politically.
Early 60’s-70’s immigration = formed groups as resistance to white-dominated authorities + police.

20
Q

Weaknesses of Gilroy’s Theory?

A

Romantisises crime - doesn’t see harm
Ignores empirical evidence
Outdated