Ethnicity Flashcards
Phillips and Bowling Theory
Police use “military style” policing due to institutionalised racism
Strengths of Phillips and Bowling’s theory?
Aknowledge use of harmful labelling
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supported by interactionists
Weaknesses of Phillips and Bowling’s theory?
Institutionalised racism doesnt explain all reasons for use of military style policing
Hood’s theory
Courts are more likely to give harsher sentences to black males
Strength of Hood’s Theory?
It is current and useful
Weaknesses of Hood’s theory?
Home statistics prove that black males and white males commit the same amounts of crime
Hall et al’s theory
Afro-Caribbeans are labelled by the media. Muggings became known as a “black crime”
Strength of Hall et al’s theory?
recognises the damage the media can cause with harmful stereotypes
Weaknesses of Hall et al’s theory?
NO evidence to suggest crime is “black” or rising
focus on “black crime” allows greater use of police powers
Functionalist Theory?
Immigrants need to assimilate into the host country
Park’s Host immigration model stage 1
Assimilation happens - they go to school, job
start to change their traditions
Park’s Host immigration model stage 2
Expectation from the Host country for people to lose their traditions and “fit in”
Weakness of Park’s theory
presents an uncertain unified host society
what is that?
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Ignores racism in the host culture (wanting immigrants to fit in)
Marxist theory - Castles and Kosak?
Use ethnic minority workers - pay low wages which excuses poor living conditions
Beneficial to capitalism
Marxism Cox theory?
Racism is socially constructed by Bourgeoisie to justify exploitation
Weaknesses of Marxist’s theory
Ignore the success of ethnic minorities - politically and economically
Left Realists theory?
Lea and Young
Marginalisation and Relative Deprivation
Racist Police practices
Black people are underrepresented in politics = deviant subcultures
Weaknesses of Lea and Young’s Theory
Marginalised and Relatively deprived people will always have highest rates of offending
Institutionalised racism cannot be the only explanation
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Gilroy criticism - “Black criminality” is a myth and black people fight in political ways
Gilroy - Neo-Marxist Theory?
Anti-racist approach
“back criminality” is a myth - black people fight politically.
Early 60’s-70’s immigration = formed groups as resistance to white-dominated authorities + police.
Weaknesses of Gilroy’s Theory?
Romantisises crime - doesn’t see harm
Ignores empirical evidence
Outdated
