Ethnic Differences in Achievement Flashcards
Cultural Deprivation - intellectual and linguistic skills
Bereiter & Engelmann consider the language spoken by low-income black American families as inadequate for educational success.
Criticism of Bereiter & Engelmann
Gillborn & Mirza (2000) note that Indian pupils do very well despite often not having English as their home language.
Cultural Deprivation - Attitudes and Values
Cultural deprivation theorists see lack of motivation as a major cause of the failure of many black children as they are not socialized into a mainstream culture.
Cultural Deprivation - Moynihan
He argues that because many black families are headed by a lone mother, and the lack of fathers’ absence means males lack an adequate role model of male achievement being they a deprived.
New right - Cultural Deprivation
Murray (1984) argues that a high rate of lone parenthood and a lack of positive male role models leads to the underachievement of some minorities
Pryce - Cultural Deprivation ( family structure)
Pryce argues that family structure contributes to the underachievement of black, he claims that Asians are higher achievers because their culture is more resistant to racism giving them are greater sense of self-worth, meaning black pupils mat have low self-esteem.
Criticism
Lawrence (1982) argues that black pupils under-achieve not because of low self-esteem, but because of racism.
Sewell: Fathers, Gangs, Culture
Sewell (2009) argues that a lack of ‘tough love’ of a father results in black boys finding it hard to overcome the emotional and behavioral difficulties of adolescence.
Arnot (2004)
Argues that a lack of a nurturing father leaves black boys with a media-inspired role model of anti-school black masculinity, of ‘ the ultra-tough ghetto superstar, an image constantly reinforced through rap lyrics and MTV videos’
Asian Families
Lupton (2004) argues that adult authority in Asian families is similar to the role models at school.
Multicultural education
a policy that recognises and values minority cultures and includes them in the curriculum
Anti-racist education
a policy that challenges the prejudice and discrimination that exists in schools and wider society
Material Deprivation - Palmer
. Ethnic minorities were almost twice as likely to be unemployed compared with whites
. Ethnic minority households were around three times as likely to be homeless
Material Deprivation - Modood
found that while children from low-income families generally did less well, the effects of low income were much less for other ethnic groups than for white pupils.
Racism in Wider Society - Rex
Rex (1986) shows how racial discrimination leads to social exclusion and how this worsens the poverty faced by ethnic minorities.
Racialised Expectations
Gillborn & Youdell (2000) they found that teachers were quicker to discipline black pupils than others for the same behaviour.
Bourne (1994)
Bourne found that schools tend to see black boys as a threat and label them negatively, leading eventually to exclusion.
Black pupils & Streaming
Foster (1990) found that teachers’ stereotypes of black pupils as badly behaved could result in them being placed in lower sets than other pupils of similar abilities
Wright ( Asian pupils)
Ethnocentric views
Archer (2008)
Ideal pupil Identity, Pathologised pupil identity, demonized pupil identity
Archer & Francis (2007)
negative positive sterotype
Troyna & Williams (1986)
Individual Racism that results from the prejudiced views of individual teachers and others
Troyna and Williams (1986)
Institutional Racism discrimination is built into the way institutions such as schools and colleges operate.
Gillborn (2008) locked-in inequality
Applies the concept of locked-in inequality to education. He sees ethnic inequality as ‘ so deep-rooted and so large that it is a practically inevitable feature of the educational system
Coard
The ethnocentric curriculum produces underachievement, for example, in history the British may be presented as bringing civilization to the people they colonized which undermines the black children’s self-esteem.
