Ethnic Differences and Achievement

Question 1

Engelmann - language and black pupils

Answer 1

Taught Restricted code- inadequate for school- educational failure

Question 2

Attitudes and Values within ethnic minority groups

Answer 2

A fatalistic view that is inadequate for the school environment

Question 3

Family Structure and Parental Support

Answer 3

Moynihan - most lone parenthood headed by black mother - unstable socialisation - unstable financial status - lack of male role model

Pryce - black Carribean students less cohesive to racism causing low self-esteem and underachieve compared to Asians who are more resistant and overachieve

Question 4

Sewell

Answer 4

Due to absence of disiplinarian (male) black boys more emotionally vulnerable and therefore, once a gang member offers them “security and love”, they are more inclined to join gang. Socialises child into anti-school subcultures

Question 5

White Working Class vs Ethnic Minority Attitude towards School (McCulloch)

Answer 5

McCulloch:
WWC have lower levels of support towards education - repeating cycle that they went through
EM more approval towards education as “way up in society”

Question 6

How many ethnic minority children live in low-income households and how does it compare to white children.

Answer 6

Almost half compared to a quarter of white children.

Question 7

Unemployment differences?

Answer 7

EM 2x more likely to be unemployed

Question 8

Why are there such differences?

Answer 8

Language restrictions and unrecognizable qualifications forcing highly-skilled workers into low-skilled jobs with low wages
Racism in wider society
Racism in the workforce

Question 9

Racism in Wider Society is…? (Wood Et Al)

Answer 9

Wood Et Al
Only 1 in 16 EM workers chosen for the same job with the same qualifications as White Workers where 1 in 9 are picked for the job.

Question 10

Black Pupils and Teacher Labelling/Discipline

Answer 10

Gillborn n Youdell found teachers harsher on the same behaviour of black students due to racialised expectations from teacher causing the child to not feel any support and reject school values

Question 11

Black Pupils and Streaming

Answer 11

Foster found that negative racial stereotyping puts the black child more likely in lower stream causing them to fulfil SFP and underachieve

Question 12

Pupil Identities

Answer 12

Archer

1. Ideal Pupil - white, middle class, masculine, normal sexuality, confines to school rules and has natural ability and initiative
2. Pathologised - Asian, deserving poor class, feminised, oppressed sexuality, culture-bound overachiever, succeeds through hard work rather than ability
3. Demonised Pupil - black or white, working class, overly sexual, unintelligent, culturally deprived, underachiever

EM - most like demonised pupil identity
Chinese - most like pathologised pupil identity

Question 13

Pupil Responses - Black girls

Answer 13

Fuller and Mac an Ghaill
Black girls reject the negative labels and channel anger into succeeding with work - they are pro-education but anti-school. Rejects any potential SFP

Question 14

3 Main Types of Teacher Racism

Answer 14

Mirza
discourages black achievement

1. Colour blind teacher - believe in equality but do not challenge any racism practices
2. Liberal Chauvinists - Low expectations of Black students due to cultural deprivation
3. Overt Racists - Actively discriminate against black students to make them feel inferior

Question 15

Pupil Responses - Black Boys

Answer 15

Sewell - 4 main reponses

1. The Rebel- anti-school subculture, conflict with white boys
2. The Conformists- keen to suceed but anxious to be stereotyped by teacher or pupils. Have diverse friend group
3. The Retreatists - Disconnected from school and black subcultures
4. Innovators - Pro-education, anti-school. Keen to succeed but did not seek approval by teacher.