ethnic Flashcards
explanation 1
cultural differences contribute to ethnic inequalities
cultural differences contribute to ethnic inequalities
modood et al
cultural differences contribute to ethnic inequalities (modood et al)
- argues why ethnic inqualities may occur that supports new right ideology
some ethnic groups face language barriers which reduce their employment chances - 3/5 Bangladeshi women did not speak English
- half Pakistani women did not speak English
- south asian women are frequently portrayed as passive victims and they tend to have poorer educational qualifications than men
- pakistani and Bangladeshi women have the lowest economic activity although a lot of this may be hidden in the form of ‘home working’
explanation 2
inequalities faced by ethnic minorities are dye to rising rates of unemployment
inequalities faced by ethnic minorities are dye to rising rates of unemployment
murray
inequalities faced by ethnic minorities are dye to rising rates of unemployment (Murray)
- the underclass group is growing in
the UK. - Black single mothers and many black youths are less likely to gain employment due to a change in welfare reform.
- critical of benefits, suggesting that it discourages people from working
- living conditions of the underclass as ‘littered and unkempt’.
- He also said that underclass children would grow up ill-schooled and ill-behaved, likely to become juvenile delinquents, and a result of this would be rising rates of illegitimacy, crime and
unwillingness to get a job - these children are likely to take on the underclass values of their parents.
explanation 3
Lone parenting results in ethnic minority children becoming more likely to partake in criminal activities
Lone parenting results in ethnic minority children becoming more likely to partake in criminal activities
sewell
Lone parenting results in ethnic minority children becoming more likely to partake in criminal activities (sewell)
- a high proportion of black boys are raised in lone-parent families within the UK.
- 2001, 57% of black families with dependent families were headed by lone parents, compared to 25% of white families
- many black boys lacked the male role model and the discipline provided by a father figure.
- the media provides these young, impressionable boys with role models in the form of rappers for example, who promote a get rich quick attitude rather than promoting getting a real job (this can be getting money through illegal activity)
explanation 4
inequalities are not a result of structural racism but rather the result of cultural values, personal responsibility, and economic freedom.
inequalities are not a result of structural racism but rather the result of cultural values, personal responsibility, and economic freedom.
sowell
inequalities are not a result of structural racism but rather the result of cultural values, personal responsibility, and economic freedom. (sowell)
- emphasis on individual responsibility, scepticism of government intervention, and the belief that cultural factors play a major role in social outcomes
- He says there are 4 key areas that cause ethnic inequalities:
- cultural factors
- government intervention
- inaccurate comparisons of different ethnic groups successes
- Fostering victimhood mentalities
cultural factors
- sowell
- rather than systemic racism or
government policies, these are the primary drivers of ethnic and racial disparities. - Suggests that ethnic groups have diverse cultural values and behaviours which can influence their successes in areas like education and the economy. - Dysfunctional cultural practices rather than institutional racism.
government intervention
- sowell
- He believes such policies do more harm than good by fostering dependency, reducing self-reliance, and perpetuating the very inequalities they seek to resolve.
- Inaccurate comparisons of different ethnic groups’ successes
- points to the success of various immigrant groups, such as Jews, Chinese, and Japanese Americans, who faced significant discrimination but eventually thrived economically and socially due to their cultural emphasis on education, hard work, and family structure
fostering victimhood mentalities
- sowell
- he criticises what he calls ‘victimhood’ mentality within the African American community and the broader discourse on racial inequality.
- He argues that framing ethnic minorities as perpetual victims of racism undermines their potential for success and encourages dependence on external help rather than self-improvement and choice
