Ethics Quiz 1

Question 1

Standard/Norm

Answer 1

-to say that a human being is the measure of all things could be to say that each individual person is the measure for what is true or right.

-individual relativism

Question 2

Montaigne (1533-1592)

Answer 2

• French skeptic
• religious tolerance = untypically tolerant

Question 3

Customs

Answer 3

• human inventions that can be changed anytime

Question 4

Moral Skepticism

Answer 4

• the view that we cannot have real moral knowledge

-antimoralism = the stance of those who think it is possible to do away with morality altogether and who positively reject all moral thinking and judgements

Question 5

Antigone

Answer 5

• subject to a “higher law”
• non-conformist
• conviction/ consciences

Question 6

Ismene

Answer 6

• law abiding
• conformists

Question 7

Creon (the king)

Answer 7

• dictator

-laws of the state

Question 8

Haemon

Answer 8

• dutiful son of Creon
• driven/ desires justice

Question 9

Teiresias

Answer 9

• prophet like / soothsayer
• speaking truth to power

Question 10

Meletus and Anytus

Answer 10

Charges were brought against Socrates for corrupting the youth and denying the Gods and bringing in religious innovations.

Question 11

Socrates Debate

Answer 11

debating about the objective truth of justice and morality generally. Attempts to show that there is a single methods that can be used to arrive at agreement on right and wrong.

Question 12

Commensurable

Answer 12

measurable by the same standard

Question 13

Thrasymachus argument

Answer 13

argues that justice is nothing but the interest of the stronger.

Question 14

Socrates’ 4 beliefs of justice

Answer 14

1) Injustice creates conflict and strife
2) Justice enables harmony and peace
3) Harmony and peace are preferable to conflict and strife
4) Therefore, Justice is preferable to Injustice

Question 15

Plato’s Division of the Soul

Answer 15

1) Reason
2) Spirit
3) Appetite

Question 16

Nichomachean Ethics

Answer 16

a sustained examination of the concepts of happiness, the good life, self-fulfillment, moral virtue, choice, and many related topics.

Question 17

eudaimonia

Answer 17

happiness - to live or do well

Question 18

Rational part of humans

Answer 18

• obedient to reason (development)
• possessing reason (innate intelligence)

Question 19

Practical life of humans

Answer 19

• moral state (passive)
• moral activity (active)

Question 20

3 classes of goods

Answer 20

• external goods
• goods of the soul
• goods of the body

Question 21

Intellectual Virtue

Answer 21

Both originated and fostered mainly be teaching; therefore it demands experience and time

Question 22

Aristotle’s State of the Soul

Answer 22

either an emotion, a capacity, or disposition

Question 23

3 Dispositions

Answer 23

1) vice of excess
2) vice of deficiency
3) virtue

Question 24

Nonvoluntary

Answer 24

An act down through ignorance is never voluntary, but it is involuntary by virtue of its causing pain and regret

Question 25

Aristotle’s definition of choice

Answer 25

deliberate desire of things in our power

Question 26

Sophrosune

Answer 26

means temperance

Question 27

Shu

Answer 27

The Four Books of Confucianism

Question 28

6 claims made by cultural relativism

Answer 28

1) Difference societies have different moral codes
2) There is no objective standard that can be used to judge one societal code better than another.
3) The moral code of our own society has no special status; it is merely one among many.
4) There is no “universal truth” in ethics; that is there are no moral truths that hold for all peoples at all times.
5) The moral code of a society determines what is right within that society; that is if the moral code of a society says that a certain action is right, then that action is right, at least within that society.
6) It is mere arrogance for us to try to judge that conduct of other peoples. We should adopt an attitude of tolerance toward the practices of other cultures.

Question 29

explain Plato’s forms

Answer 29

• absolute beauty, absolute justice, absolute goodness
• the forms transcend this world and everything individual

Genuine knowledge is theoretical