Ethics Prelim Module

Question 1

A branch of moral philosophy that deals with moral standards or norms of morality

Answer 1

Ethics

Question 2

(modern meaning) refers to the distinguishing disposition, character or attitude of a specific person, culture, or group.

Answer 2

Ethos

Question 3

refers to human conduct and values.

Answer 3

Morality

Question 4

refers to the study of moral conduct or to the code of conduct one follows.

Answer 4

Ethics

Question 5

having no moral sense or being indifferent to right and wrong

Examples: babies, those who have severe mental health issues, persons with
autism

Answer 5

Amoral

Question 6

out of the realm of morality altogether

Examples: inanimate objects such as cars and guns, mathematics problems

Answer 6

Nonmoral

Question 7

norms that serve as frameworks for determining whether an action is morally right or wrong

Answer 7

Moral Standards

Question 8

are social rules or etiquette or good manners; set and expected by society, can be followed or not by the members within that society

Answer 8

Nonmoral Standards

Question 9

an act that is deliberate and knowingly performed by one having the use of reason

Answer 9

Human act

Question 10

one that is not dependent upon intellect and free will; usually, biological/physical acts of humans that are involuntary in nature; does not involve the use of reason

Answer 10

Act of man

Question 11

sometimes called ethical dilemma or ethical paradox is a situation where a person has the moral obligation to choose between two options both based on moral standards, but the person cannot choose both, and choosing
one means violating the other.

Answer 11

moral dilemma

Question 12

is a choice between a right and a wrong unlike a moral dilemma where both choices are wrong.

Answer 12

False dilemma

Question 13

3 Levels of moral Dilemmas

Answer 13

Personal Dilemmas
Organizational Dilemmas
Structural Dilemmas

Question 14

concern dilemmas that an individual face. Those experienced and resolved on the personal level.

Answer 14

Personal Dilemmas

Question 15

refers to dilemmas between organizational benefits versus individual members’ welfare. Includes moral dilemmas in business, medical
field and public sector.

Answer 15

Organizational Dilemmas

Question 16

concern dilemmas faced by groups or individuals as a result of structural relationships. Refers to cases involving network of institutions. Usually encompass multi-sectoral institutions and organizations, they maybe larger in scope and extent than organizational dilemmas.

Answer 16

Structural Dilemmas

Question 17

moral judgments must be backed up by good reason

Answer 17

Reason

Question 18

morality requires the impartial consideration of each individual’s interest

Answer 18

Impartiality

Question 19

determining what do you already know or the facts at hand and what you are going to do.

Answer 19

Gather the Facts

Question 20

it could refer to Biblical Principles, Constitutional Principles, Personal Principles or principles drawn from natural law, which guides a person in making decisions, etc.

Answer 20

Identify the principles that have a bearing on the case

Question 21

coming up with various alternative courses of action as part of creative thinking included in resolving a moral dilemma

Answer 21

List the Alternatives

Question 22

involves eliminating alternatives contradicting to the principles we believe in.

Answer 22

Compare the Alternatives with the Principles

Question 23

in case the principle do not produce a clear decision, then consider possible consequences (positive & negative) in your chosen alternatives.

Answer 23

Weigh the Consequences

Question 24

the decision made is one that possesses the least number of negative consequence.

Answer 24

Make a Decision

Question 25

consists of language, values, rules, knowledge, and meanings shared by members of society

Answer 25

Nonmaterial culture

Question 26

is the physical object that a society produces: tools, streets, homes and toys, etc.

Answer 26

Material culture

Question 27

It is the idea that a person’s beliefs, values, and practices should be understood based on that person’s own culture, rather than be judged against the criteria of another.

Answer 27

Cultural relativism

Question 28

is the practice of viewing and judging someone else’s culture based on the values and beliefs of one’s own.

Answer 28

Ethnocentrism

Question 29

Strengths of the Filipinos:

Answer 29

1. Pakikipagkapwa-tao
2. Family orientation
3. Joy and humour
4. Flexibility, adaptability and creativity
5. Hardwork and industry
6. Faith and religiosity
7. Ability to survive