Ethics Prelim Module Flashcards
A branch of moral philosophy that deals with moral standards or norms of morality
Ethics
(modern meaning) refers to the distinguishing disposition, character or attitude of a specific person, culture, or group.
Ethos
refers to human conduct and values.
Morality
refers to the study of moral conduct or to the code of conduct one follows.
Ethics
having no moral sense or being indifferent to right and wrong
Examples: babies, those who have severe mental health issues, persons with
autism
Amoral
out of the realm of morality altogether
Examples: inanimate objects such as cars and guns, mathematics problems
Nonmoral
norms that serve as frameworks for determining whether an action is morally right or wrong
Moral Standards
are social rules or etiquette or good manners; set and expected by society, can be followed or not by the members within that society
Nonmoral Standards
an act that is deliberate and knowingly performed by one having the use of reason
Human act
one that is not dependent upon intellect and free will; usually, biological/physical acts of humans that are involuntary in nature; does not involve the use of reason
Act of man
sometimes called ethical dilemma or ethical paradox is a situation where a person has the moral obligation to choose between two options both based on moral standards, but the person cannot choose both, and choosing
one means violating the other.
moral dilemma
is a choice between a right and a wrong unlike a moral dilemma where both choices are wrong.
False dilemma
3 Levels of moral Dilemmas
Personal Dilemmas
Organizational Dilemmas
Structural Dilemmas
concern dilemmas that an individual face. Those experienced and resolved on the personal level.
Personal Dilemmas
refers to dilemmas between organizational benefits versus individual members’ welfare. Includes moral dilemmas in business, medical
field and public sector.
Organizational Dilemmas
concern dilemmas faced by groups or individuals as a result of structural relationships. Refers to cases involving network of institutions. Usually encompass multi-sectoral institutions and organizations, they maybe larger in scope and extent than organizational dilemmas.
Structural Dilemmas
moral judgments must be backed up by good reason
Reason
morality requires the impartial consideration of each individual’s interest
Impartiality
determining what do you already know or the facts at hand and what you are going to do.
Gather the Facts
it could refer to Biblical Principles, Constitutional Principles, Personal Principles or principles drawn from natural law, which guides a person in making decisions, etc.
Identify the principles that have a bearing on the case
coming up with various alternative courses of action as part of creative thinking included in resolving a moral dilemma
List the Alternatives
involves eliminating alternatives contradicting to the principles we believe in.
Compare the Alternatives with the Principles
in case the principle do not produce a clear decision, then consider possible consequences (positive & negative) in your chosen alternatives.
Weigh the Consequences
the decision made is one that possesses the least number of negative consequence.
Make a Decision
consists of language, values, rules, knowledge, and meanings shared by members of society
Nonmaterial culture
is the physical object that a society produces: tools, streets, homes and toys, etc.
Material culture
It is the idea that a person’s beliefs, values, and practices should be understood based on that person’s own culture, rather than be judged against the criteria of another.
Cultural relativism
is the practice of viewing and judging someone else’s culture based on the values and beliefs of one’s own.
Ethnocentrism
Strengths of the Filipinos:
- Pakikipagkapwa-tao
- Family orientation
- Joy and humour
- Flexibility, adaptability and creativity
- Hardwork and industry
- Faith and religiosity
- Ability to survive
