Ethics Midterm - Chs 3 & 7 Flashcards
Theological theory
- Actions are ethical if they produce good consequences
- Virtue of the end
Deontological theory
We have a duty
- Actions are ethical by inherent nature
Utilitarianism states an action is right if…
Produces the greatest balance of pleasure over pain for everyone
4 principles of unity
- Consequentialism
- Hedonism
- Maximalism
- Universalism
Act utilitarianism
States that an action is right if and only if it produces the greatest balance of pleasure over pain for everyone
Rule utilitarianism
States an action is right if and only if it conforms to a set of rules
Issues w/ calculating utility
- Interpersonal
- Impossible to measure
Cost-benefit analysis
- Differs from classical utilitarianism, with its measures of pleasure and pain, primarily in the use of monetary units
- Advantage because price is set in market
3 debatable aspects of cost-benefit analysis
- Consequences measured by monetary value in market
- Shadow pricing of non-market goods
- Placing a value on life/experiences
Kantian theory
Moral obligation is not based on maximizing consequences, but arises solely from a moral law that is binding on all rational beings
2 principles of Kantian theory
- Universalizability
- Respect for persons
Virtue ethics says that ____, not the right action, is fundamental
Moral character
What does defining virtues entail?
Character traits that are essential to a good life
- Something you practice
- Something you admire in another person
Virtue in business rationale
Virtues of a good businessperson are the same as those of a good person
4 different types of rights
- Legal/moral
- Specific/general
- Negative/positive
- Natural rights
