Ethics - key terms list so far

Question 1

Define Autonomous view

Answer 1

A view in which morality and religion are separate

Question 2

Define empirical

Answer 2

Based on what is seen and experienced rather than that of a theory

Question 3

Define consequentialist

Answer 3

The theory that says whether something is good or bad depends on the outcomes

Question 4

Define the utility principle

Answer 4

Jeremy Bentham modified the principles as ‘the greatest good for the greatest number’. This principle should be the sole guide to action

Question 5

Define secular

Answer 5

Not connected with religion or spiritual matters (not religious)

Question 6

Define teleological

Answer 6

The idea that everything has a purpose or aim. Any ethical theory - such as utilitarianism - which argues the goodness or badness of an action are according to its consequences

Question 7

Define hedonic calculus

Answer 7

Bentham’s attempt to construct a system which would determine, on strict utilitarian principles, precisely the right action to take in any circumstance that may arise.

Question 8

Define Act utilitarianism

Answer 8

Argues that one should always perform the individual act which will lead to the greatest balance of good over evil. The main supporter of this was Jeremy Bentham.

Question 9

Define Rule utilitarianism

Answer 9

Argues that we should always follow the rules which will lead to the greatest balance of good over evil. John stuart mill supported this theory.

Question 10

Define higher and lower pleasures

Answer 10

Higher pleasures are ones that use our mind. Though we may have to work hard for them, we appreciate them more in the end. Lower pleasures are essentially ‘pleasures of the body’. Mills created this distinction.