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N392 Professional Nursing > Ethics Key Definitions > Flashcards

Ethics Key Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Values

A

Personal belief about the worth of a given idea, attitude, custom, or object that sets standards that influence behavior

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2
Q

Morals

A

Provide standards of behaviors, “good people do not lie”

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3
Q

Ethics

A

Reflects the “should” of human behavior; Process oriented, involves critical analysis

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4
Q

Bioethics/Clinical Ethics

A

Application of ethical theories and principles to problems in health care

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5
Q

Dilemma

A

A situation that requires one to choose between two equally balanced alternatives

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6
Q

Ethical dilemma

A

Perplex Health Care Providers

Strong reasons for a course of action, may be balanced by equally powerful countervailing arguments

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7
Q

Autonomy

A

Refers to a person’s independence; right to make choices

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8
Q

Beneficence

A

Refers to taking positive actions to help others; to do good

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9
Q

Nonmaleficence

A

Avoidance of harm or hurt

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10
Q

Respect for person

A

Most fundamental human right

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11
Q

Justice

A

Refers to fairness

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12
Q

Fidelity

A

Refers to the agreement to keep promises

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13
Q

Veracity

A

Accuracy or conformity to truth

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14
Q

Understanding Ethical Issues

A

Requires exploration of personal values, peers’ and other professionals’ values and behaviors, patients’ rights, and institutional and societal issues/policies

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15
Q

Professional code of ethics

A

A set of ethical principles that are accepted by all members of a profession
An implied contract through which a profession informs society of the principles and rules by which it functions
Provides guidelines for safe and compassionate care

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16
Q

American Nurses Association Nursing Code of Ethics

A 
American Nurses Association (ANA)
Nurses agree to maintain competence and to apply that competence in the application of judgment
1950: 17 "statements" 
2001: 9 "provisions"
Revised 2014, released 2015
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17
Q

The Code is necessary in today’s health care environment because:

A

Reiterates the fundamental values and commitments of the nurse (provisions 1-3)
- respect for others, commitment to the patient, advocacy for the patient

Identifies the boundaries of duty and loyalty (Provisions 4-6)
- Accountability and responsibility for practice, duty to self and duty to others, contributions to healthcare environments

Describes the duties of the nurse that extend beyond individual patient encounters (provisions 7-9)
- Advancement of the nursing profession, promotion of community and world health, promotion of the nursing profession

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18
Q

Advanced Directives (ADs)

A

Patient Self Determination Act 1990
- All patients admitted to an institution must be given information about ADs; Living Wills/Health care power of attorney

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19
Q

Institutional Ethics Committees

A

Institutions have to address ethical issues; Accrediting Agencies require (TJC/CMS/DHSR)

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20
Q

Competence

A

Legal term, can be decided judicially

A person’s competence is frequently declared relevant in areas other than health care (such as financial)

21
Q

Capacity

A

A clinical term, refers to health decisions and is assessed by clinicians in a health care setting

22
Q

Decision making capacity

A

Competence (legal term) and Capacity (clinical term)

23
Q

Ethical Decision Making Model

A

Clarify the ethical dilemma:
- Verbalize the problem
- Ask the question: Is this an ethical dilemma?
- Clarify values
- Gather information
- Identify possible courses of action
- Negotiate a plan
- Evaluate the plan
Considerations:
- Determine the ethical principle or theory related to issue
- What is the time frame (emergent vs non-emergent)

24
Q

Compare Ethical Decision Making Model to Nursing Process

A 
Gather additional information 
Identify options
Make a decision
Act
Evaluate
25
Q

3 major goals of Patient’s Bill of Rights

A
  1. To help patients feel more confident in the US health care system; the Bill ofRights:
    • Assures that the health care system is fair and it works to meet patients’ needs
    • Gives patients a way to address any problems they may have
    • Encourages patients to take an active role in staying or getting healthy
  2. To stress the importance of a strong relationship between patients and their health care
    providers
  3. To stress the key role patients play in staying healthy by laying out rights and responsibilities for all patients and health care providers
26
Q

8 key areas in the Patient’s Bill of Rights

A 
Information for patients
Choice of providers and plans
Access to emergency services
Taking part in treatment decisions
Respect and non-discrimination
Confidentiality (privacy) of health information
Complaints and appeals
Consumer responsibilities
27
Q

What are the patient’s rights under HIPPA?

A
  • Receive a privacy notice to inform them about how protected information will be used and disclosed;
  • Request that uses and disclosure of protected information be restricted (covered entities are not required to always agree to restrictions);
  • Inspect, copy and amend their medical records (providers are allowed to charge a reasonable fee for copying expenses);
  • Get an accounting of the disclosure of their protected information for the past six years; and
  • File a complaint.
28
Q

Provision 1

A

The nurse practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity worth and unique attributes of every person

29
Q

Provision 2

A

The nurse’s primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual, family, group, community, or population

30
Q

Provision 3

A

The nurse promotes, advocates for, and protects the rights, health and safety of the patient

31
Q

Provision 4

A

The nurse has authority, accountability, and responsibility for nursing practice; makes decisions; and takes action consistent with the obligation to promote health and to provide optimal care

32
Q

Provision 5

A

The nurse owes the same duties to self as to others, including the responsibility to promote health & safety, preserve wholeness of character and integrity, maintain competence, and continue personal and professional growth

33
Q

Provision 6

A

The nurse, through individual and collective effort, establishes, maintains, and improves the ethical environment of the work setting and conditions of employment that are conducive to safe, quality health care

34
Q

Provision 7

A

The nurse, in all roles and settings, advances the profession through research and scholarly inquiry, professional standards development, and the generation of both nursing and health policy

35
Q

Provision 8

A

The nurse collaborates with other health professionals and the public to protect human rights, promote health diplomacy and reduce health disparities

36
Q

Provision 9

A

The profession of nursing collectively through its professional organizations, must articulate nursing values, maintain the integrity of the profession, and integrate principles of social justice into nursing and health policy

37
Q

Characteristics of a standard of care

A
  • Crosses geographic boundaries (national implications)
  • Based on evidence (best practice outcome data)
  • Written by professional organizations
38
Q

Hospital policies

A
  • Hospital or system specific
  • First definition of your practice parameters
  • Used to defend or dispute nursing practice in a court of law
39
Q

where do you find policies?

A

Duke health system-online via the intranet

Search for a specific policy: changing IV tubing

40
Q

where do you find standards of care?

A

though professional organizations as monographs, white papers, clinical practice update

41
Q

Resources in “tool kit” in clinical practice as it regards to ethical issues in clinical practice

A
  • ANA code of ethics
  • NPA
  • Hospital ethics committee
42
Q

Appropriate professional behavior that serves to maintain the trust between patients and nurses and to maintain nurse’s good standing within their profession

A

Boundaries

43
Q

Meaningful information must be disclosed even if the provider does not believe the information will be beneficial

A

Informed consent

44
Q

Advanced directive

A

A written expression of a person’s wishes about their medical care, esp. during a terminal disease/end of life care

45
Q

Nurses are practicing this behavior when they try to identify unmet patient needs and then follow-up to address the needs appropriately

A

Advocacy

46
Q

The right to perform certain activities because they conform to the accepted standards or ideas within the community

A

Moral right

47
Q

A virtue that guides individuals in creating those organized human interactions we call institutions

A

Social justice

48
Q

The freedom to make your own choices

A

Self-determination

49
Q

The legal document with the most strength, a written directive in which a designated person is allowed to make healthcare decisions for a patient

A

Durable power of attorney

N392 Professional Nursing (1 decks)

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