Ethics, informed consent & moral theories Flashcards
define good / moral
that whihc is commendable in itself
define bad / immoral
action that is condemnable it itself
what is morality? (2 defs)
the quality of being good bad or right and wrong - METAPHYSICAL
or
The mentality that perceives things as good or bad and right and wrong, regardless of whether these metaphysical categories exist or are even meaningful
which codes primarily enshrine medical ethics in the uk?
GMC - “Good Medical Practise’
BMA - “Medical ethics today”
what is ontology?
deals with nature of existence - e.g. does god exist?
what is epistemology?
deals with the nature of poss. of knowledge, truth and objectivity. e.g. what is a fact?
what is aesthetics?
deals with the nature o beauty
what is logic?
deals with relations among propositions - e.g. what is a contradiction?
what is primitive consequentialism?
an action is good if its actual consequences are good
what is primitive consequentialism?
an action is good if its actual consequences are good
what is modern consequentialism? who made it?
jeremy bentham
action is good if its intended consequences are good
what is utilitarianism?
an intended consq. is good if it maximises utility /happiness.
but what is utility?
who made util.?
john stuart mill
what is deontology?
an action is good if it conforms to a universal principle - ought to be binding on all people regardless of its actual or intended consequences
who made deontology?
immanuel kant
what is rule util?
a universal principle is moral if it max. utility
what is casuistry?
and action is good if it conforms to a similar precedent already known to be good? but how do we know if precedent was good in the first place? we dont / or if there are multiple p?
what is virtue ethics?
an action is good if the virtuous person would have taken it.
but how do we ID virtuous person?
what is 4 principles approach?
- autonomy
- beneficence
- non -maleficence
- justice
what is the doctrine of double effect?
some actions are expected to have two opposite effects at the same time one good, one bad
when causes actions of doctrine of double effect to be good?
- good outweighs the bad one
2. you only intend to produce the good effect.
why can moral philosophy been seen as a success?
produces countless justificaitons for any action or diea and its opposies
why can moral philosophy been seen as a failure?
cannot provide foundational, undoubtedly true abstract moral premise
what should we never do with ethics?
never take ethics at face value!! instead judge the ethics by the action to which it corresponds and sanctions
an ethics can only be as humanist as…
the order to which corresponds and which it sanctions
why is dealing with ethics in abstract is..?
unreflective, uncritical and potentially dangerous
what does theory teach us about ethics?
ethics is a functional expression of the game. SO the game and not the ethics should be primary focus of our attention
can a misanthropic medicine have a humanist ethics?
no! if you want a humanist ethics, get yourself humanist medicine
