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Ethics in America > Ethics in America DANTES > Flashcards

Ethics in America DANTES Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Socratic Method?

A

That everything is open to question

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2
Q

Which philosopher believed that people should always be treated as an end and never a means?

A

Kant

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3
Q

What was the Quaker movement based on?

A

That each person can be God’s spokesperson

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4
Q

Hobbes and Locke did not agree about what?

A

Locke did not believe that man’s inherent nature was one of war

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5
Q

Which of the following was not a belief held by Thomas Aquinas?

  • Laws should not punish but simply retrain those that need guidance and virtue
  • Humans have a natural inclination to protect life
  • Humans are inclined to be good
  • Humans have certain inclinations, such a procreation.
A

Laws should not punish but simply retrain those that need guidance and virtue

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6
Q

What was the cornerstone of Rousseau’s social contract?

A

people should give up their natural rights to the general will for both safety and freedom

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7
Q

What are the two branches of utilitarianism?

A

act and rule

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8
Q

What is Aristotle’s “golden mean”?

A

The average to prevent and under or over response to a situation

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9
Q

From which philosopher did Jefferson’s ideas for the US Constitution originate?

A

Locke

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10
Q

Socrates believed all of the following except:

  • Ultimate human good is happiness
  • People the do not act virtuously need to be punished
  • Happiness comes from a virtuous soul
  • People that do not act virtuously should be taught virtue and not punished
A

People the do not act virtuously need to be punished

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11
Q

What is Jeremy Bentham’s hedonic calculus?

A

Attempt to measure happiness

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12
Q

According to Plato what are the parts of the soul?

A

Appetite, Reason, and Spirit

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13
Q

What is divine command theory?

A

God commands what is right and prohibits what is wrong

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14
Q

Who said, “Act so that you treat humanity. whether in your own person or in that of another, always as an end and never merely as a means?”

A

Kant

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15
Q

What is the difference between empirical and normative evaluation?

A

Empirical is considered hard fact; normative demonstrates the evaluator’s belief

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16
Q

Who formed the naturalistic fallacy?

A

Hume

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17
Q

Which philosopher opined the the Athenians heeded the concept “might makes right”?

A

Thucydides

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18
Q

John Rawls’ belief that in order to form an equitable social contract one must not know whether they will be wealthy or poor is called:

A

veil of ignorance theory

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19
Q

John Rawls’ position that says individuals must be as free as possible without infringing on the other called?

A

Original position

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20
Q

When Martin Luther King, Jr. said “an unjust las is no law at all,” who inspired him?

A

Aquinas

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21
Q

What do consequentialists believe?

A

Morality is defined by results, not the action

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22
Q

Why did Epicurus believe we should’t fear the gods?

A

because the gods had no influence on the lives of humans

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23
Q

Who believed that a person’s highest ethical duty was loyalty?

A

Royce

24
Q

What is the definition of philosophy?

A

the study of basic questions about human life and experience

25
Q

What do objectivists believe?

A

what is right is always right

26
Q

Epictetus was a famous?

A

Stoic

27
Q

In the Old Testament, the Covenant is between God and whom?

A

The Israelites

28
Q

Which philosopher subscribed to all of Aristotle’s virtues but added, “faith, hope and love”?

A

Aquinas

29
Q

What group opposes the deontologist’s philosophy?

A

Consequentialists

30
Q

The hedonist __________ believed that pleasure was good and pain was bad. But, that _______ was the greatest virtue?

A

Epicurus, Moderation

31
Q

What are the three major categories of ethics?

A

Normative, applied, meta-ethic

32
Q

What are the two types of virtues according to Aristotle?

A

Character and intellect

33
Q

Which of the following is not one of the conditions in the double effect principle:

  • There is no good reason for permitting the evil
  • The action must not be evil
  • The evil must be the means to a good
  • The evil must not be intended
A

There is no good reason for permitting the evil. The fourth condition is there must be sufficiently good reasons to permit the evil.

34
Q

In Plato’s work Republic, he discusses a perfect city. All of the following are “virtues” of a perfect city except:

  • Wisdom
  • Kindness
  • Temperance
  • Justice
A

Kindness

35
Q

Who of the following do not subscribe to ethical hedonism:

  • Bentham
  • Epicurus
  • Epictetus
  • John Stuart Mill
A

Epictetus was a stoic not a hedonist

36
Q

What was The Apology, written by Plato, about?

A

Defense of Socrates’ trial

37
Q

What kind of ethics is the hedonist belief that anything goes in seeking pleasure?

A

Cyrenean

38
Q

Nancy was dying of cancer and she was in agony. Her final statement to her husband, Greg, before slipping into a coma, was a request for him to end her suffering. Greg met with her sisters Ann Marie, Sofia, and Mary to discuss the options

  • Greg: Nancy wishes for her suffering to end. There is no good days left for her. I think we should relieve her of her pain.
  • Ann Marie: Whether or not she wants to end her suffering, I can’t agree. It feels so wrong.
  • Sofia: But Ann Marie, pain should be avoided. We need to end her suffering. It’s not fair to her if we don’t.
  • Mary: Everyone, you need to put yourself in poor Nancy’s shoes. If you were suffering would you want someone to end your life?

Who is the Kantian that believes in categorical imperatives?

A

Mary asks if the rest of the group would be comfortable the euthanasia as a general rule, which is a categorical imperative.

39
Q

Nancy was dying of cancer and she was in agony. Her final statement to her husband, Greg, before slipping into a coma, was a request for him to end her suffering. Greg met with her sisters Ann Marie, Sofia, and Mary to discuss the options

  • Greg: Nancy wishes for her suffering to end. There is no good days left for her. I think we should relieve her of her pain.
  • Ann Marie: Whether or not she wants to end her suffering, I can’t agree. It feels so wrong.
  • Sofia: But Ann Marie, pain should be avoided. We need to end her suffering. It’s not fair to her if we don’t.
  • Mary: Everyone, you need to put yourself in poor Nancy’s shoes. If you were suffering would you want someone to end your life?

Who is the emotivist?

A

Ann Marie bases her value on her own feeling, the marking of an emotivist

40
Q

Nancy was dying of cancer and she was in agony. Her final statement to her husband, Greg, before slipping into a coma, was a request for him to end her suffering. Greg met with her sisters Ann Marie, Sofia, and Mary to discuss the options

  • Greg: Nancy wishes for her suffering to end. There is no good days left for her. I think we should relieve her of her pain.
  • Ann Marie: Whether or not she wants to end her suffering, I can’t agree. It feels so wrong.
  • Sofia: But Ann Marie, pain should be avoided. We need to end her suffering. It’s not fair to her if we don’t.
  • Mary: Everyone, you need to put yourself in poor Nancy’s shoes. If you were suffering would you want someone to end your life?

Who is the utilitarian?

A

Greg shoe that he is utilitarian by observing that Nancy has no good days left and so it would be best to end her suffering.

41
Q

Nancy was dying of cancer and she was in agony. Her final statement to her husband, Greg, before slipping into a coma, was a request for him to end her suffering. Greg met with her sisters Ann Marie, Sofia, and Mary to discuss the options

  • Greg: Nancy wishes for her suffering to end. There is no good days left for her. I think we should relieve her of her pain.
  • Ann Marie: Whether or not she wants to end her suffering, I can’t agree. It feels so wrong.
  • Sofia: But Ann Marie, pain should be avoided. We need to end her suffering. It’s not fair to her if we don’t.
  • Mary: Everyone, you need to put yourself in poor Nancy’s shoes. If you were suffering would you want someone to end your life?

Who is the hedonist? (Epicurist)

A

Sofia disuse’s the avoidance of pain, his is a hedonistic principle

42
Q

What is the harm principle?

A

the government can coerce only to prevent harm to others

43
Q

Which group of people is not automatically “covered” under the harm principle?

A

Elderly

44
Q

What is the offensive principle?

A

that government should be able to prevent the offense of others

45
Q

What kind of law is represented by the statement “suicide is illegal”?

A

paternalistic law (prevention of self-harm)

46
Q

Before a person can take part in a scientific experiment, many conditions must be met. What are they?

A

Minimal risk
Must understand the risks and make there own decision
Can end participation anytime
Confidentiality

47
Q

Why did Bentham Believe that animals should be used with care during medical experiments?

A

because they can experience pain

48
Q

What kind of justice is concerned with the “fairness” of punishment?

A

Retributive justice

49
Q

What kind of justice is concerned with the fairness of laws that govern a country?

A

Distributive justice

50
Q

What kind of justice is someone seeking when they sue for malpractice?

A

Compensatory justice

51
Q

Which group thinks wars are never acceptable?

A

Pacifists

52
Q

According to the Catholic Church, which of the following is a requirement for a just war?

  • War must be funded by the government
  • War must be for a just cause
  • War must be authorized by a competent authority
  • War must be fought with the right intentions
A

War must be funded by the government

53
Q

Which of the following is not a right adopted by the united nations in 1948:

  • Right to life
  • Right to pursue happiness
  • Freedom rights
  • Subsistence rights
A

Right to pursue happiness

54
Q

Which of the following is not true about active and passive euthanasia?

  • Active euthanasia involves an act to bring about one’s death
  • Passve euthanasia involves a lack of acting to bring about one’s death
  • Active euthanasia is practiced by the government in the form of the death penalty
  • All of the above
A

All of the above

55
Q

What is the stubborn refusal to consider challenges to an ethical point of view?

A

Dogmatism

Ethics in America (1 decks)

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