Ethics in Allied Health Flashcards
Ethical Theories
Attempt to systemize, defend, and recommend concepts of right and wrong behavior.
Ethics vs. Laws
While moral obligation focuses on an individual’s conscience or on society’s opinion about behavior, legal obligations are enforceable by the state’s power without regard to an individual’s conscience.
Metaethics
A branch of ethical theory that considers the origin and meaning of ethical principles.
Normative Ethics
Involves determining the moral standards that regulate right and wrong conduct, the three theories of normative ethics are virtue theory, duty theory, and consequentialist theory.
Hippocratic Oath
Taken by physicians and pertains to the ethical practice of medicine.
Etiquette
The proper form of social interactions in a given culture or community
Affordable Care Act (ACA)
Signed into law by President Barack Obama in 2010, makes health insurance coverage mandatory.
Formulary
A list of approved drugs from which doctors must prescribed to have insurance cover the pharmaceuticals.
Medical Tourism
The practice of traveling to other countries for medical procedures due to lower costs.
Pandemic
An epidemic, or sudden outbreak, that becomes very widespread and affects a whole region, a continent, or the world.
Patient Autonomy
Requires that the patient give informed consent prior to the start of any medical treatment.
Medical Paternalism
Takes away patient autonomy and gives the power to medical personnel or the government for society’s benefit.
Uniform Anatomical Gift Act
Authorizes gifts of the body or any part of the body.
Nonnatural Methods of Conception
Test-tube fertilization artificial insemination.
Eugenics
A science that deals with “improving” hereditary qualities.
Positive Eugenics
Encourages reproduction by those considered genetically superior.
Negative Eugenics
Limits or discourages reproduction by those considered genetically inferior.
Amniocentesis
A medical technique used to test DNA in amniotic fluid, allows physicians to identify abnormalities before birth.
Roe v. Wade
In 1973, in landmark decision regarding abortion, the U.S. Supreme Court in Roe v. Wade applied the right to privacy to abortion.
Fetal Homicide Laws
Laws that make causing the death of a fetus a crime separate and independent from any crime committed against the woman carrying the fetus.
Wrongful Birth
A parent’s claim against a doctor for damages caused by the birth of a child that occur when a doctor fails to detect and disclose a child’s birth defects in time to permit abortion.
Advance Medical Directives
Instructions people may give regarding their wishes concerning medical treatment in the event that they’re unable to make those decisions for themselves (e.g. due to being unconscious or mentally incompetent)
Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) Order
Prevents efforts to resuscitate those who have exhibited the signs of death; doesn’t go into effect until the person is permanently unconscious without realistic hope of recovery.
Durable Power of Attorney (DPA)
Authorize a person to make medical decisions for a patient when the patient is unable to do so.
