Ethics in Allied Health

Question 1

Ethical Theories

Answer 1

Attempt to systemize, defend, and recommend concepts of right and wrong behavior.

Question 2

Ethics vs. Laws

Answer 2

While moral obligation focuses on an individual’s conscience or on society’s opinion about behavior, legal obligations are enforceable by the state’s power without regard to an individual’s conscience.

Question 3

Metaethics

Answer 3

A branch of ethical theory that considers the origin and meaning of ethical principles.

Question 4

Normative Ethics

Answer 4

Involves determining the moral standards that regulate right and wrong conduct, the three theories of normative ethics are virtue theory, duty theory, and consequentialist theory.

Question 5

Hippocratic Oath

Answer 5

Taken by physicians and pertains to the ethical practice of medicine.

Question 6

Etiquette

Answer 6

The proper form of social interactions in a given culture or community

Question 7

Affordable Care Act (ACA)

Answer 7

Signed into law by President Barack Obama in 2010, makes health insurance coverage mandatory.

Question 8

Formulary

Answer 8

A list of approved drugs from which doctors must prescribed to have insurance cover the pharmaceuticals.

Question 9

Medical Tourism

Answer 9

The practice of traveling to other countries for medical procedures due to lower costs.

Question 10

Pandemic

Answer 10

An epidemic, or sudden outbreak, that becomes very widespread and affects a whole region, a continent, or the world.

Question 11

Patient Autonomy

Answer 11

Requires that the patient give informed consent prior to the start of any medical treatment.

Question 12

Medical Paternalism

Answer 12

Takes away patient autonomy and gives the power to medical personnel or the government for society’s benefit.

Question 13

Uniform Anatomical Gift Act

Answer 13

Authorizes gifts of the body or any part of the body.

Question 14

Nonnatural Methods of Conception

Answer 14

Test-tube fertilization artificial insemination.

Question 15

Eugenics

Answer 15

A science that deals with “improving” hereditary qualities.

Question 16

Positive Eugenics

Answer 16

Encourages reproduction by those considered genetically superior.

Question 17

Negative Eugenics

Answer 17

Limits or discourages reproduction by those considered genetically inferior.

Question 18

Amniocentesis

Answer 18

A medical technique used to test DNA in amniotic fluid, allows physicians to identify abnormalities before birth.

Question 19

Roe v. Wade

Answer 19

In 1973, in landmark decision regarding abortion, the U.S. Supreme Court in Roe v. Wade applied the right to privacy to abortion.

Question 20

Fetal Homicide Laws

Answer 20

Laws that make causing the death of a fetus a crime separate and independent from any crime committed against the woman carrying the fetus.

Question 21

Wrongful Birth

Answer 21

A parent’s claim against a doctor for damages caused by the birth of a child that occur when a doctor fails to detect and disclose a child’s birth defects in time to permit abortion.

Question 22

Advance Medical Directives

Answer 22

Instructions people may give regarding their wishes concerning medical treatment in the event that they’re unable to make those decisions for themselves (e.g. due to being unconscious or mentally incompetent)

Question 23

Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) Order

Answer 23

Prevents efforts to resuscitate those who have exhibited the signs of death; doesn’t go into effect until the person is permanently unconscious without realistic hope of recovery.

Question 24

Durable Power of Attorney (DPA)

Answer 24

Authorize a person to make medical decisions for a patient when the patient is unable to do so.

Question 25

Assisted Suicide

Answer 25

Occurs when a patient takes actions to terminate his or her life using means supplied by someone else.

Question 26

Euthanasia

Answer 26

Occurs when a person takes an action that causes the death of another person; sometimes called “mercy killing”

Question 27

Virtue Theory

Answer 27

Pertains to the character of a person as displayed by the virtues that he or she possesses.

Question 28

Duty Theory

Answer 28

Pertains to a person’s obligations from the stand point of morality.

Question 29

Consequentialist Theory

Answer 29

Based on the consequences of people’s actions based on their own ethics and morals.