Ethics Final exam

Question 1

A hostile work environment form of sexual harassment occurs when sexual and gender intimidations create barriers to equal treatment for women.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Gerald Dworkin would argue that critical reflection on a desire is necessary for that desire to be autonomous.

Answer 2

Fasle

Question 3

Discrimination, in itself, does not give rise to ethical problems unless the criteria for making it are unethical or fair.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Utilitarian ethics has played a prominent role in forming public policy and laws governing finance, employment, consumerism, and work trade.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

According to John Stuart Mill, people need to be educated and experienced in a variety of pleasure before they are complement to judge.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Johnson and Johnson Tylenol ad stating last year hospitals dispense 10x as much Tylenol. Johnson wanted consumers to think the medical profession and hospitals believed it was the most effective acetaminophen treatment on the market.

Answer 6

C

Question 7

The critics of work life balance practices believe that work can be a central part of an individuals identity and it can have significant benefits for people.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

Hundreds of millions of people are themselves supplying personal information to business through the use of personal social media.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

according to the private property defense of the economic model of corporate social responsibility, managers who use corporate funds for projects that are not directly devoted to maximizing profits are stealing form their owners

Answer 9

C

Question 10

Values like trust play a helpful role in the real world of business.

Answer 10

Falso

Question 11

The originality of the Brundtland commissions work on sustainable development was that it connected economic development with social justice and environmental conservation.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Select the statement that has to do with women.

Answer 12

A between 1973 and 2020, the percentage of women lawyers and judged increased from 5.8 to 37 percent.

Question 13

The major reason to study ethics is to be able to answer questions such as, what should I do? what type of person should I be? How shall I live in my community?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Gatekeepers are those people and institutions whose role is to provide checks on illegal and unethical behaviors.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

It is near impossible to trace particular cases of obesity-related health harm to a particular food or drink.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

In an organization, codes and rules prove to be meaningless if ethical behavior is not enforced.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

In 2020, the unemployment rate of black men was twice that of white men.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Identify a true statement in work…

Answer 18

A

Question 19

Which proposition describes a right?

Answer 19

C

Question 20

Identify a true statement in work.

Answer 20

A

Question 21

Evidence shows that the pharmaceutical industry spends more money marketing their drugs than they do research and development of new drugs.

Answer 21

??

Question 22

The moral right to ____ speech would be a moral right of an individual.

Answer 22

Free

Question 23

Mass marketing seeks to promote ones product to the widest possible audience, with the assumption that sales will ____ in proportion to the number of people exposed to the advertisement.

Answer 23

Increase

Question 24

External cost should be internalized, and property rights should be assigned to unowned goods such as wild spices.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

The human fulfillment model of work believes that work is the primary means for developing human potential.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Even though parties freely engage in an exchange of goods or services, we cannot be sure that the autonomy has been respected, and that mutual benefit has been achieved.

Answer 26

The utilitarian requirement.

Question 27

Rights protect a _____’s interest

Answer 27

persons

Question 28

The right to freedom of expression does not mean that an employees can never be fired or disciplined for personal opinions that they express on their own social media accounts.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

A job is a role that one steps into and out of as a means for earning _____

Answer 29

Money

Question 30

_____ ethics directs us to consider how various character traits can contribute to, or obstruct, a worthy and good human life.

Answer 30

Virtue

Question 31

________ hiring is an ethically legitimate means for compensation people for the harms that they have suffered.

Answer 31

Preferential

Question 32

Virtue ethics implies that a greedy person who does distasteful and selfish things will not lead a fulfilling and good human life.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

one meaning of ___________ is that employees have claims independently of any particular legal system, claims that originate form the respect due to them as human beings.

Answer 33

Employee rights

Question 34

using common sense to decide is NOT a part of responsible decision making.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

The _______ standard for judging the severity of workplace sexual harassment may mean what the average person considers reasonable, and. understanding may simply ingrain notations of reasonable behavior fashioned my the male offenders and may fail to adequately address injustice.

Answer 35

Reasonable person

Question 36

_______ was NOT originally intended to be a risk management strategy to help every firm and every industry survive over the long-term.

Answer 36

Sustainability

Question 37

an aspect of consumer autonomy requires that customer consent be not only voluntary but also ______.

Answer 37

informed

Question 38

the ethical perspectives that underlies tort laws holds that we all owe other people Serbian general duties, even if we have not explicitly and voluntarily assumed them.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Jobs have the potential for influencing and shaping individuals.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

when _____ stock transaction leads to ones persons gain and another’s loss, it amounts to fraud.

Answer 40

Insider- training.

Question 41

_____ involves. direct behavior without explicit consent or conscious understanding.

Answer 41

Manipulation

Question 42

The argument that the free, ______________ will provide a more efficient and optimal distribution of economic goods and services is utilitarian in that the recipient of the markets benefits is the collective ‘greater number of people’ while allowing that the market may cause harm to actual individuals and their families in the process

Answer 42

competitive international market

Question 43

what did Kant claim?

Answer 43

that ethics requires us to treat all people as ends and not only as means

Question 44

The pressure of competitive markets alone is NOT enough to weed out unethical behavior among organizations

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Increasing ___________ refers to a fact of current and future U.S. demographics, increasing _____________ revers to a multiplicity of racial, ethic, gender and cultural characteristics in the work place.

Answer 45

workplace diversity, workplace inclusivity

Question 46

what did Robert Arrington argue?

Answer 46

That marketing influences us by appealing to pre-existing and independent desires, and since marketing does not prevent us form renouncing those desires, and as long as we don’t renounce them, they must still be considered autonomous.

Question 47

what do defenders of institutions like, World Trade Center, the world bank, and the international monetary funds claim?

Answer 47

because these institutions exist and have authority only because nations have agreed mohave them exist with authority and have freely entered into agreements that created and controlled them, their critics can be accused of supporting undemocratic policies.

Question 48

what does philosophical ethic distinguish?

Answer 48

what people do value form what they should value.

Question 49

what does the employment at will doctrine mean?

Answer 49

that unless a specific contract states otherwise an employer has the right to hire and fire and employee for any reason whatever and the employee has the right to quit at any time.

Question 50

According to Kant, while it is ethically good for managers to prevent harm or do some good, their duty to _______ overrides these concerns

Answer 50

stockholders

Question 51

Need for a product, or anxiety and other stress experiences during a business transaction, or price gouging may take a consumers choice less voluntary, and misleading advertising or incomplete understanding of a products complexity may make this or her content less informed.

Answer 51

True

Question 52

what can provide a competitive advantage int he marketplace and with customers, suppliers, and employees?

Answer 52

ethical behavior and ethical reputation.

Question 53

The legal concept of negligence focuses on ________ and holds them responsible for harms only when they fail to act in ways that could have prevented the harm.

Answer 53

the conduct and state of mind of the producers

Question 54

what good are necessary in order to achieve whatever there goods an individual chooses to pursue?

Answer 54

Primary goods

Question 55

Any effort by they _________ to evaluate expected deceptive marketing practices has been criticized because it would mean punishing business on the basis of what the FTC thinks might happen rather than on what actually does.

Answer 55

Federal Trade Commission

Question 56

Ethical concerns are as unavoidable in business as are concerns of marking, _____, _____, and ______. formal study of business ethics helps address these concerns so that business can integrate ethics in their decision-making.

Answer 56

marketing, finance, human resources.

Question 57

Social conditions of routine, unchallenging, boring jobs tend to suppress the human faculties of rational and autonomous choice.

Answer 57

True

Question 58

the legal doctrine of _________ is controversial because it holds a business accountable for paying damages in case where it was not at fault.

Answer 58

strict product liability.

Question 59

A ______ ethically legitimate market exchange is conditional to mutual benefits for each party involved.

Answer 59

Prima facie

Question 60

An organization’s culture offers it direction and stability during challenging times.

Answer 60

True

Question 61

According to Richard DeGeorge the ______ has good reason to believe that blowing the whistle will prevent harm.

Answer 61

Whistle-blower

Question 62

what can efficient markets not guarantee?

Answer 62

that an ethically worthy outcome has be achieved

Question 63

The current approach to ____________ underestimates the influence that business can have in establishing the law

Answer 63

environmental regulations

Question 64

what are sales directed towards unlike marketing?

Answer 64

directed to individuals and as a result, any salesperson who fails to stop a sales pitch when he or she suspects that a customers descion-making is not autonomous is acting unethically.

Question 65

when is a person vulnerable?

Answer 65

Both “a person is vulnerable as a customer because. he or she is unable in some way to participate as fully informed and voluntary participant in the market exchange” and “A person is vulnerable because he or she is susceptible to some physical, psychological, or financial harm other than the financial harm from an unsatisfactory market exchange”

Question 66

what does the social logic state?

Answer 66

since business receive benefits form the society in which they operate, they owe that society certain duties in return.

Question 67

what is one major argument for preferential treatment in hiring?

Answer 67

that such policies are a legitimate means for compensating people for harms they have suffered. to fail to compensate continues a practice of undeserved advantages for white males having to complete in an unfairly restricted job pool and undeserved disadvantages for victims of discrimination.

Question 68

In the United States what do the civil laws protect employees from?

Answer 68

being fired on the bias of race and sex

Question 69

in 2017 the U.S. Department of Justice Memorandum, former attorney General Jeff Sessions declared what?

Answer 69

that the legal prohibition against discrimination, “because of sex” made discrimination based solely the biological categories of male and female illegal.

Question 70

A right to privacy for employees would prohibit what?

Answer 70

employers form monitoring an employee’s personal email account.

Question 71

what are managers ethically obligated to do?

Answer 71

to make as much money as possible for their stockholders because to do otherwise would undermine the very foundations of out free society.

Question 72

Pollution of any type is an example of market failure due positive externalities

Answer 72

Fasle, Negative

Question 73

ensuring that markets functions within the law

Answer 73

must be free from fraud and deception is an important internal function for market-based economic systems.

Question 74

sacrificing the first generation of public goods,

Answer 74

as a means for gaining information on market failures is an ill-advised strategy.

Question 75

A ______ account of due process would preclude a list specifying beforehand every possible reason for dismissal and distinguishing them from unacceptable reason.

Answer 75

procedural

Question 76

what is the most effective way to create a divers work place?

Answer 76

to use categories of sex, race, or ethnicity as the only criterion for hiring or promotion, but that would deny equal opportunity for white males.

Question 77

according to the________ of the economic model of corporate social responsibility, any use of a corporation’s resources for any purpose other than maximizing profits is a violation of the owners property rights and amounts to theft.

Answer 77

private property defense

Question 78

tracking of personal information is done with knowledge so that the customers know that it is occurring

Answer 78

False, anonymously

Question 79

While willingness to sacrifice might be a part of loyalty, it would seem that devotion and ________ to a common good is both more essential to loyalty and what explains the willingness to sacrifice.

Answer 79

faithfulness

Question 80

what thesis holds ethical considerations should be kept out of business?

Answer 80

seperation

Question 81

market solutions to environmental pollution fallaciously presume that what is food and rational for a collection of individuals is necessarily good and rational for a society what was the result?

Answer 81

important ethical and policy questions can be missed and that can lead to serious environmental harm. under the market model, for example restricting sales of sports unity vehicles and treating them as trucks with higher gas milage standards or increasing taxes on gas would never be considered.

Question 82

unless and until a firm has demonstrated willingness to sacrifice on behalf of employees what do the emplyoees have to do?

Answer 82

employees have little reason to demonstrate loyalty to the firm.

Question 83

what theory focuses on a full and detailed description of those character traits that would constitute a good and human life. Eqosim is simply not a factor in the ethical decision making of caring, empathetic, charitable, and sympathetic persons.

Answer 83

Theory of virtue ethics

Question 84

Business responsibility for _____ and _______ and _______ is less clear than standard cases product liability because it is difficult to identify the connection between a particular product and any particular case of ______ or ______ abuse.

Answer 84

social harms, obesity, opioid abuse.

Question 85

individuals have rights that should not be sacrificed in order to generate a net increase in the collective good

Answer 85

true

Question 86

before having an impact on the culture via a code of conduct or statement of values what do companies do?

Answer 86

the company must determine its mission and articulate its mission statement.

Question 87

an ethical culture empowers employees to what

Answer 87

to act in ethically responsible ways even when the law does not require

Question 88

The strict product liabliity standards requires?

Answer 88

a manufacture to compensate injured customers even if the manufacturer was not at fault, even if there was nothing the manufacturer could have done to prevent the harm.

Question 89

the greek philosopher Aristotle disparaged work because why?

Answer 89

because of its very necessary and therefore slavish nature

Question 90

the fact that political and economic elites in other countries tolerate corrupt and unethical conduct and are the very ones to benefit from that conduct in certain cases does not provide evidence to support the claim that what we takes as unethical is ethically acceptable there.

Answer 90

True

Question 91

Business ethics is concerned more with reasoning than?

Answer 91

answers

Question 92

Ethic business leaders not only act ethically on a personal lever but also?

Answer 92

allocate corporate resources to support and promote ethical behavior in the work place.

Question 93

it is possible to manipulate someone with out deceiving them

Answer 93

True

Question 94

the _____________ understanding of global development included three fundamental principles. those principles include a commitment to economic development, environmental conversation, and the priority of meeting the needs of all people.

Answer 94

Brundtland commission

Question 95

manipulation of a person, considered as a process of subtle direction or management, does not entail total control of that person.

Answer 95

True

Question 96

some observers argue that insider trading means to ________ accurate information about the market and that it moves the markets in the direction of equilibrium. the challenge to this argument is, that this is accomplished by unfair and unethical means.

Answer 96

disseminate

Question 97

______ of managers that interfere with their responsibilities as managers constitute an unethical conflict for them.

Answer 97

personal intrest

Question 98

the value of housework and child care have systematically been undervalues by social programs such as,

Answer 98

social security, unemployment insurance, and many public policies concerned with marriage and divorce.

Question 99

There is not a universal agreement for determining precise standards for what constitutes deception and how best to regulate it.

Answer 99

true

Question 100

______ was sure that industrial capitalism inevitably, necessarily, alienates workers from the product of their work, from the creative process of work, and from their very essence as social creatures.

Answer 100

karl marx