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OU Eth & Law Fall 2018 > Ethics Exam 3 > Flashcards

Ethics Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

define ethics

A
  • Branch of philosophy dealing with what is morally right or wrong
  • An area of study that deals with ideas about what is good and bad behavior
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2
Q

define bioethics

A

• The systematic study of the moral dimensions of decisions, behaviors, and policies related to the life sciences and healthcare

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3
Q

What is the basis for just laws?

A

ethics

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4
Q

What are enacted due to violations of ethics?

A

laws

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5
Q

What is the relationship between ethics and law?

A
  • Law tells us what we have the right to do or what we must do
  • Ethics tell us the right thing to do
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6
Q

What are the two ethical theories?

A
  • Teleological or Consequentialism

- Deontological or Non-consequentialism

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7
Q

What does Teleological or Consequentialism focus on?

A
  • Focuses on the outcomes or consequences

- Moral actions are those that cause the best balance of good versus bad consequences

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8
Q

What does Deontological or Non-consequentialism focus on?

A
  • Focuses on the action itself more than the outcome

- Based on principles that would not change from one situation to another

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9
Q

What is another name for Consequentialism?

A

Utilitarianism

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10
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of Consequentialism

A
  • Advantages: Consider interests of everyone

- Disadvantages: Burdensome to employ

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11
Q

What is another name for Non-consequentialism?

A

Kantianism

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12
Q

Who has a stake in ethical decision making in pharmacy practice?

A 
– Patients 
– Pharmacists 
– Pharmacy colleagues 
– Other healthcare providers 
– Employers 
– The pharmacy profession
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13
Q

What is the purpose of using principles in ethical decision making?

A

The purpose of ethical principles is to determine the right of patients under the principles, and to then permit a decision about pharmacist duties that correlate with those rights

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14
Q

What is the primary objective of a principle-based approach to ethical decision making?

A

The primary objective of principle-based approach to ethical decision making is to enable a pharmacist to justify to himself or herself, and to others, the action taken in a given situation

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15
Q

What are the ethical principles?

A
  • Autonomy
  • Beneficence
  • Nonmaleficence
  • Justice
  • Veracity
  • Fidelity
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16
Q

Autonomy

A

– Requires that individuals be permitted to make their own evaluations and choices when their own interests are at stake
– Individuals are viewed as moral agents with their own unique approach to life with their own values, interests, attitudes, and beliefs

17
Q

Paternalism

A
  • Behavior that limits a person’s liberty or autonomy for what is presumed to be in that person’s best interest
  • Expresses an attitude of superiority
18
Q

Beneficence

A
  • Guides the actions and behaviors toward benefiting patients outcomes
  • Violated by acts of omission
19
Q

Nonmaleficence

A 
• Avoid harm to patients
• Intentional or non-intentional
• Prevent harm by: 
– Checking for drug interactions 
– Checking for overdoses 
– Checking for adverse effects 
– Checking for early or late refills 
– Any other action to assure medication safety
20
Q

Justice

A
  • Requires that all benefits and burdens be distributed equally
  • Fair allocation of good and services
  • Problematic when not everyone is perceived as equally deserving of an equal share
21
Q

Fidelity

A
  • Concept of keeping promises or commitments

* Requires pharmacists to be faithful to their patients and provide services that are in their patients’ best interest

22
Q

Veracity

A
  • Duty to act honestly and without deception

* Primary obligation is respecting the position of trust inherent in the patient-healthcare provider relationship

23
Q

Ethical principles applied appropriately versus the risks of over emphasis: Autonomy

A
  • Moral Basis: Respect for individual to ‘selfrule’

- Risk of Over Emphasis: Lack of caring; apathy

24
Q

Ethical principles applied appropriately versus the risks of over emphasis: Beneficence

A
  • Moral Basis: Do good; provide benefit

- Risk of Over Emphasis: Making decision for patients

25
Q

Ethical principles applied appropriately versus the risks of over emphasis: Nonmaleficence

A
  • Moral Basis: Do no harm

- Risk of Over Emphasis: Taking no action or unwilling to offer alternatives where benefit is questionable

26
Q

Ethical principles applied appropriately versus the risks of over emphasis: Justice

A
  • Moral Basis: Be fair, transparent, accountable, consistent

- Risk of Over Emphasis: Lack of individualism

27
Q

Ethical principles applied appropriately versus the risks of over emphasis: Veracity

A
  • Moral Basis: Full, honest disclosure

- Risk of Over Emphasis: Truth causing harm

28
Q

Ethical principles applied appropriately versus the risks of over emphasis: Fidelity

A
  • Moral Basis: Maintain confidentiality

- Risk of Over Emphasis: Treat patient as an “island”

29
Q

Pharmacists’ code of ethics

A
  • Declares that pharmacists are health professionals who assist individuals in making the best use of medications
  • Publicly states the principles that form the fundamental basis of the roles and responsibilities of pharmacists
30
Q

Which principle is this APhA’s Code of Ethics statement? A pharmacist respects the covenantal relationship between the patient and pharmacist

A

Fidelity

31
Q

Which principle is this APhA’s Code of Ethics statement? A pharmacist promotes the good of every patient in a caring, compassionate, and confidential manner.

A

Beneficence and Nonmaleficence

32
Q

Which principle is this APhA’s Code of Ethics statement? A pharmacist respects the autonomy and dignity of each patient.

A

Autonomy

33
Q

Which principle is this APhA’s Code of Ethics statement? A pharmacist acts with honesty and integrity in professional relationships

A

Veracity

34
Q

Which principle is this APhA’s Code of Ethics statement? A pharmacist maintains professional competence

A

Nonmaleficence

35
Q

Which principle is this APhA’s Code of Ethics statement? A pharmacist respects the values and abilities of colleagues and other health professionals

A

Nonmaleficence

36
Q

Which principle is this APhA’s Code of Ethics statement? A pharmacist serves individual, community, and societal needs

A

Justice

37
Q

Which principle is this APhA’s Code of Ethics statement? A pharmacist seeks justice in the distribution of health resources

A

Justice

OU Eth & Law Fall 2018 (12 decks)

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