Ethics + Development Flashcards
Pillars of Informed Consent (4) + Exceptions (4)
Legal Requirements - 1) Disclosure + 2) Understanding + 3) Mental Capacity + 4) Voluntariness (not coerced)
Exceptions - 1) Patient is legally incompetent + 2) Implied Consent (Emergency) + 3) Therapeutic Privilege + 4) Waiver
Core Ethical Principles (4)
Autonomy + Beneficence + Nonmaleficence + Justice
Consent for Minors - Definitions + Exceptions (3)
Definition - Guardian consenting for minors under 18 - laws vary by state unless emancipated
Exceptions - Sex (STDs/Contraception/Pregnancy) + Drugs (Addition) + Rock and Roll (Emergency/Trauma)
Components of Decision Making Capacity (6)
1) Patient is >18 or emancipated
2) Patients makes and communicates a choice
3) Patient is informed
4) Decision remains stable
5) Decision is consistent with patient values/beliefs (no mood disorder)
6) Decision is not a result of delusions of hallucinations
Surrogate Decision Makers - Definition + Order of Priority
Definition - When a patient is unable to make a decision but has no medical power of attorney or living will
Priority - Spouse > Adult Children > Parents > Adult Siblings > Other Relatives
Exceptions to Confidentiality (4)
1) Potential physical harms to others is serious and imminent (Infectious Diseases + Homicide)
2) Likelihood of harm to self is high (Suicide)
3) No alternative means exists to warm or protect others at risk (Child/Elder Abuse)
4) Physicians can take steps to prevent harm (E.g. Seizures and driving)
Apgar Score - Definition + Measures + Scoring
Definition - Assessment of newborn vital signs following labor - 10-Point Scale + Evaluated at 1 + 5 Minutes
Measures - APGAR = Appearance + Pulse + Grimace + Activity + Respiration - 7 = Good
4-6 Assist and Stimulate
< 4 = Resuscitate
Low Birth Weight - Definition + Complications
Low Birth Weight < 2500 g (approx 5.5 lbs) - Caused by prematurity of problems during pregnancy - Associated with SIDS + Mortality
Complications - Impaired thermoregulation + Immune function + Hypoglycemia + Infection + Respiratory Distress Syndrome + Hemorrhage
Basic Categories of Developmental Milestones (Age Groups - 3) + (Types 3)
Age Groups - Infant (0-12 Months) + Toddler (12-36 Months) + Preschool (3-5 years)
Types - Motor + Social + Verbal/Cognitive
Infant Developmental Milestones - Motor (4) + Social (3) + Verbal (3)
Parents Start Observing
Motor - P - Primitive Reflexes disappear + posture + picks toys up + points to objects
Social - S - Smiling + Stranger Anxiety + Separation Anxiety
Verbal - O - Orients (to voice and then name) + Object Permanence + Oratory (moma + dada)
Toddler Developmental Milestones - Motor (4) + Social (3) + Verbal (1)
Child Rearing is Working
Motor - C - Climbs stairs + Cubes stacked + Cultured + Kicks ball
Social - R - Recreation + Rapprochement + Realization
Verbal - W - Words (200 words by age 2)
Pre-School Developmental Milestones - Motor (3) + Social (2) + Verbal (2)
Don’t Forget they are still Learning
Motor - D - Drive + Drawings + Dexterity
Social - F - Freedom (no mom) + Friends
Verbal - L - Language (1000 Words) + Legends (detailed stories)
Stage of Dying - Name + Stages (5)
Kubler-Ross Stages
1) Denial
2) Anger
3) Bargaining
4) Depression
5) Acceptance
Internal Validity - Definition + Variables Impacting
Definition - Measure of the accuracy and effectiveness of the study in testing the hypothesis = Linked to accuracy - Needed to ensure that the results are “valid”
Variables - ABCDEF Power - Arms + Blinding + Compliance + Data Collection + Eligibility Criteria + Follow-Up + Power
