Ethics Codes Flashcards
The Nuremburg Code
The Nuremberg Code is a set of ethical research principles for human experimentation created by the court in U.S. v Brandt, one of the Subsequent Nuremberg trials that were held after the Second World War.
The Belmont Report
The Belmont Report is a 1978 report created by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research.
Three principles of the Belmont Report
Respect for persons, beneficence, justice
Declaration of Helsinki
The Declaration of Helsinki is a set of ethical principles regarding human experimentation developed originally in 1964 for the medical community by the World Medical Association. It is widely regarded as the cornerstone document on human research ethics.
What were the first principles of clinical research?
-Voluntary informed consent
-proper experimentation, performed on animals first
-Beneficence towards participants
-freedom to withdraw from trial
Established by Nuremberg Code
Which guideline was established due to WW2?
The Nuremberg Code
What does the Declaration of Helsinki state?
-protocols should be reviewed by an independent committee
-human research should be based on results from lab and animal research
-research should be conducted by a medically qualified person
-Informed consent is a must
-risk should not exceed the benefits
What ethical guideline should be followed when consenting participants?
Declaration of Helsinki
Belmont report- Can research and practice be carried on together?
Yes, when research is designed to evaluate safety and efficacy of a therapy.
2 general rules of beneficience
1) Do no harm
2) Maximize benefits, minimize harm
What standards need to be satisfied for respect for persons to be satisfied?
information, comprehension, voluntariness
