Ethics And Religion

Question 0

Hedonism

Answer 0

Belief that the goal of human life is pursuit of pleasure, avoidance of pain and fulfillment of physical needs and desires

Question 1

Ethics

Answer 1

A system of moral principles, a way of deciding what is right and wrong

Question 2

Asceticism

Answer 2

An approach to life emphasizing discipline and impulse control

Question 3

Legalism/Old Morality

Answer 3

Following a moral law or set of principles. Right vs. wrong, good vs. evil
Still important to fundamentalist religious views
Tends to be legalistic.
Reduces ethical behavior to simply following rules

Question 4

Situationism/New Morality

Answer 4

Decisions are based on human experience, within a broad framework of ethical guidelines.
Tends towards hedonism and takes a situational approach

Question 5

Classical Greece

Answer 5

Education, wisdom, love, athleticism and virtue were values
Violent passion must be avoided
Plato- intellectual love with strong friendship

Question 6

Island of Lesvos

Answer 6

Lead to the term lesbian, had relationships among women

Question 7

Pederasty (Greece term)

Answer 7

Sexual relationship between an older man and a younger one, normally student to teacher.
Objected to by Aristotle

Question 8

Judaism

Answer 8

Sex seen as a deep and intimate part of a relationship between two people
Hebrew Scriptures see sexual behavior as an aspect of national and rigorous loyalty “be fruitful and multiply”

Question 9

Fertility Cult

Answer 9

Nature based religion, fertility of the soil is encouraged through rituals

Question 10

Islam

Answer 10

Value sexuality positively, sex in marriage as highest good in human life.
Believes in polygamy, sex outside of marriage is a sex though.
Encourages contraception
Different states and provinces vary

Question 11

Dualism

Answer 11

Christian idea that the body and spirit are unalterably separate and opposed to each other

Question 12

St. Thomas Aquinas

Answer 12

Basic source of catholic moral theology.
Believed in naturalism
Sex was for procreation, not to be enjoyed

Question 13

Protestants

Answer 13

Renewed emphasis on individual conscience and ethical decision-making.
Sex was necessary but marriage sucked

Question 14

Puritanism

Answer 14

Emphasized the doctrine of “original sin” and the “total depravity” of fallen humanity

Question 15

Hinduism

Answer 15

Varied approaches to sexuality.
Kama Sutra = belief in pleasure
Dharma and Moshka = all passions are to be avoided

Question 16

Buddhism

Answer 16

Conflicting traditions

Question 17

Therevada

Answer 17

Includes strict no indulgence of desires that bring joy. Morals and discipline emphasized

Question 18

Mahayana

Answer 18

Ethics are more active and directed toward love of others

Question 19

Tantric Buddhism

Answer 19

Sexual union epitomizes the essential unity of all things, honoring ones partner and the relationship can bring spiritual enlightenment

Question 20

Humanism

Answer 20

Denies a divine origin for morality
Holds that ethical judgments must be made on the basis of human experience and human reason
Skeptical of claims of absolute right and wrong

Question 21

Moralism

Answer 21

Clearly and objectively defined standards of right and wrong
A society has a right to insist that it’s member conform to them

Question 22

Pluralism

Answer 22

Truth is to be discovered in the clash of differing opinions and convictions

Question 23

Fornication

Answer 23

Sex before marriage

Question 24

Somatic cell nuclear transfer

Answer 24

Involves substituting the genetic material from an adult’s cell for the nucleus in an egg

Question 25

Therapeutic cloning

Answer 25

Creating tissues or cells that are genetically identical to those of a patient to treat a disease