Ethics and Pharmacy Practice (start of exam 3) Flashcards
______ is a promise made by the pharmacist to the patient because the pharmacist is in the profession.
Covenant
T/F?
Patient care involves both technical and moral considerations
true
In a pharmacist to patient covenant the __________ Provides pharmaceutical care to the patient.
Pharmacist
In a pharmacist to patient covenant the __________ Agrees to provide requested health information and payment for services and products.
patient
Rushworth Kidders is an __________
renowned ethicist
T/F?
Laws-obedience to enforceable regulations
true
T/F?
Ethics- obedience to one’s conscience
false
-Morals
T/F?
Morals-obedience to the unenforceable (in most cases)
false
-Ethics
Who adjudicates ethics of pharmacist?
The board of pharmacy
____________ often used interchangeably
Ethics and Morals
What are core values?
that which is worthy of esteem for its own sake; that which has intrinsic worth
Doing the “right” thing because it is the “right” thing is an example of what?
Core values
When you make a decision about right vs. wrong is an example of what?
moral temptation
What are 3 ways of being wrong?
- violation of the law
- departure from the truth
- deviation from moral integrity
Moral temptation is based on what?
one’s personal core values
What are the 3 test that test for right vs. wrong?
- the stench test
- the front-page test
- the mom-test
Name the associated test:
guilt (generality)
The stench test
____________ is the Internal code of morality at psychological level.
The stench test
Name the associated test: shame (visibility)
The Front-Page Test
Name the associated test:disappointment (legacy)
The Mom-Test
When people judge you against social morals when a private decision becomes public
The Front-Page Test
When you don’t want your actions to be known by someone that you respect is an example of what?
The Mom-Test
T/F?
The Mom Test is when you put yourself in another’s shoes (one whom you deeply respect) and think about what you are about to do.
true
Right vs. Right is a considered in what type of dilemma?
Ethical
What are the 4 Paradigms for Ethical Dilemmas.
- Truth vs. Loyalty
- Individual vs. Community
- Short-term vs. Long-term
- Justice vs. Mercy
It is right to stand on truth AND it is right to be loyal. (DESCRIBES WHAT)
Truth vs. Loyalty
T/F?
Loyalty is conformity with facts or reality
false
-Truth
_________ involves allegiance to a person, a government, or a set of ideals to which one owes fidelity
Loyalty
Individualism or Community:
assumes that in a society where each person vigorously pursues his own interests, the social good would automatically emerge
Individualism
Individualism or Community: assumes the needs of the majority outweigh the interests of the individual
Community
It is right to consider the individual AND it is right to consider the community.
(DESCRIBES WHAT)
Individualism vs. Community
T/F?
Immunizations administration is an example of Individual vs. Community.
true
T/F?
Short-term vs. Long terms states that It is right to think and plan short-term AND it is right to think and plan long-term.
true
_____-term concerns is usually defined by the projection of future interests in such a way that there will be ample means to meet the future required needs
LONG
T/F?
Mercy urges us to seek benevolence in every way possible and is a case by case bases.
true
_______-term concerns usually associated with the satisfaction of current needs in such a way as to preserve the possibility of a future
SHORT
Justice vs. Mercy
It is right to be merciful AND it is right to enforce justice.
What urges us to care for the peculiar needs of individuals on a case-by-case basis
and seek benevolence in every way possible
Mercy
What urges one to
- stick by one’s personal principles
- hold to the rules, despite the pressure of the moment
- pursue fairness without attention to personalities or situations
Justice
What are the 3 Ethical Principles for Decision-Making
- Ends-based Thinking
- Rules-based Thinking
- Care-based Thinking
_______ thinking -Stick to your principles and let the chips fall where they may
Rules-based
________ thinking-Do whatever produces the greatest good for the greatest number
Ends-based
________Thinking-Do unto others as you would have them do unto you
Care-based
Steps to solving and Ethical Problem
- Respond
- Gather
- Identify
- Seek
- Work
Acting vs. Failing to Act is also called …
(Commission vs. Omission)
Most ______ Codes emphasize only wrong actions, not wrong inactions (Acting vs. Failing to Act)
Moral
Negligence occurs when duty to a patient is not kept is an example of what
Acting vs. Failing to Act
What describes The strength and courage to do what one knows is right…with the knowledge of the risk involved.
Moral Courage
What Judges the morality of an action (rightness) on the consequences of the action (Ends-based Thinking)?
Consequentialism
What Judges the morality of an action (rightness) based on the (action’s) adherence to the rules?
Non-consequentialism
Non-consequentialism= Western Ethics (5)
- Autonomy
- Veracity
- Fidelity
- Avoid killing
- Justice
When a patient has a CHOICE in making a healthcare decision is an example of what?
autonomy
_______: telling the truth is always right
Veracity
T/F?
Fidelity is fair distribution of goods and harms is right.
false
-Justice
_________ involves Keeping promises, commitments, contracts, and covenants is right.
Fidelity
T/F?
Avoid killing states that taking of human life is wrong.
true
Actions are right when they have beneficial outcomes for the people involved and actions are wrong if they have detrimental consequences describe what?
Consequentialism
T/F?
Clinical Ethics is A structured approach to ethical questions in clinical practice…Bioethics.
true
____ is the life of the patient; at the heart of PROTECTION and TRANSMISSION of life.
Bioethics
T/F?
AACP and APha established the Oath of a Pharmacist in 2009.
True
Clinical ethics draws upon what 4 principles?
- Moral philosophy
- Health law
- Communication skills
- Clinical practice (pharmacy/medicine/nursing)
The ABILITY to IDENTIFY and ANALYZE an ethical question and REACH a reasonable CONCLUSION and RECOMMENDATION for ACTION describes what?
Clinical Ethics in Practice
What are the 4 principles of BIOMEDICAL ETHICS?
- Beneficence
- Non-maleficence
- Respect for patient autonomy
- Justice
T/F?
JUSTICE is to DO GOOD; to REMOVE HARM; to promote welfare as well as the ability to BALANCE benefits and risks of therapy.
false
-BENEFICENCE
T/F?
AUTONOMY is the professional standard of due care (duty)- “at least, do no harm”
false
NON-MALEFICENCE
Professional misconduct or negligence is based on this what 4 principles? (NON-maleficence)
- Professional must HAVE A DUTY to the party
- Professional MUST BREACH the duty
- Affected party must EXPERIENCE HARM
- Harm must be CAUSED BY BREACH of duty
Respecting a patient’s right to self determination, avoiding paternalism, involving informed consent, the respect of free choice and allowing patients to make the FINAL DECISION describes which principle of Bioethics?
Respect of Patient Autonomy
T/F?
JUSTICE is giving what is “due” to patients includes resource allocation/rationing and equal treatment of equals and unequal treatment of unequals.
true
T/F Most Moral Codes emphasize only wrong actions, not wrong inactions
TRUE
_____ is the position of the APha Code of Ethics
Nonconsequentialism
Beneficence vs. Nonmaleficence
Consequentialism
The commitment to carry out medical acts according to the highest ethical standards
Beneficence
_____ is at the top of decision making in the practice of pharmacy
Legal duty (laws and regulations)
_____ avoids paternalism
Respect of Autonomy
