Ethics Flashcards
What was the Willowbrook study?
1956- Held at an institution for individuals with intellectual disabilities where there was an outbreak of hepititis. Doctors took 10% of the incoming patients and infected them with the illness, then put them in their own wing without treatment. Parents signed off, but felt pressured to do so.
What was the Tuskagee study?
African American’s living with syphillis from 1932-1970 were offered free treatment at a clinic. Not much was known about the disorder, so the doctor said they’d treat them for a blood disorder but didn’t. The doctors also threatened that if participants went to another doctor, they wouldn’t get the free treatment anymore.
What are the aspects of the Nuremberg code?
Consent, fully informed participants, avoid risk, protect participants from risk, research conducted by qualified individuals, participants have right to stop at any time without punishment.
What was the Bucharest childcare project?
When Romania went bankrupt almost overnight, many families were forced to put their children in orphanages. Experimenters then randomly assigned which kids got adopted out and which kids didn’t-it was found that children are better off when they’re adopted, especially under the age of 2.
What are the 4 principles of the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists? (most to least important)
1) Respect for the dignity of persons
2) Responsible caring (competence)
3) Integrity in relationships (honesty)
4) Responsibility to society
What does it mean by respect for the dignity of persons?
Privacy, confidentiality, informed consent, no harassment or degrading comments, no unjust discrimination, fair compensation/fees, effort to ensure psych knowledge not misused to infringe on human rights.
What does it mean by responsible caring?
Protect welfare of others, take responsibility for actions, keep up-to-date, referral where best or seek help if needed, maintain appropriate relationships, pilot studies, benefits must outweigh risks.
What does it mean by integrity in relationships?
No dishonesty, fraud, or misrepresentation in reporting results, no suppression of disconfirming evidence, acknowledge limitations of findings, do not deceive if possible, debriefing, no coercive enticement to participate.
What does it mean by responsibility to society?
Contribute to discipline and state of knowledge, keep informed, critical self eval, educate and promote scientific growth of others, respect for social customs and cultural expectations, sensitive to needs of society when designing research.
What is Tri-Council Policy?
The 3 major funding groups for Canadian Research:
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC)
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
What are the Tri-Council Ethical Principles?
Respect for human dignity, respect for free and informed consent, respect for vulnerable persons, respect for privacy and confidentiality, respect for justice and inclusiveness, balancing harms and benefits.
What is the difference between active and passive deception?
Active- Giving misleading info
Passive- Withholding info
What are some ways to ensure privacy?
Conduct observational studies in public places, use good judgement when deciding which behaviours to measure.
What is anonymity and how do we ensure it?
Identity of person is masked. Don’t collect names, and test participants in individual settings.
What is confidentiality and how do we ensure it?
Any info obtained about an individual research participant is not divulged to others unless it is authorized by the participant or required by law. Data should be identified by a code, not a name. Nowhere should that code be attached to the individuals name.
