Ethics

Question 1

3.01 Unfair Discrimination

Answer 1

Psych do not engage in unfair discrimination based on age, gender, identity, race, culture, SES or any basis proscribed by law

Question 2

3.02 Sexual Harassment

Answer 2

Psych do not engage in sexual harassment. Sexual harassment is solicitation, phys advances, verbal/nonverbal conduct that’s sexual in nature and is 1) unwelcome, offensive, or creates hostile environment, and psych knows or is told this, or 2) sufficiently sever or intense to be abusive. Sexual harassment can consist of a single or multiple acts

Question 3

3.03 Other Harassment

Answer 3

Psych’s do not knowingly engage in bx that is harassing or demeaning to persons with whom they interact in their work based on factors such as those persons ages, gender, identity, race, orientation, SES, etc.

Question 4

3.04 Avoiding Harm

Answer 4

Psych take reasonable steps to avoid harming their clients, students, research participants, with whom they work, and to minimize harm where it is foreseeable and unavoidable.

Question 5

3.05 Multiple Relationships

Answer 5

a) multiple rel. occurs when a psych is in a professional roles with a person and 1) at the same time is in another role with that person, and 2) at the same time is in a relationship with a person closely associated with or related to the person, or 3) promises to enter in a relationship in the future with a person or person closely associated with the person. The psych refrains entering into a multiple rel. if the multiple rel. could reasonably be expected to impair the psych’s objectivity, completive or effectiveness in performing job, or otherwise risks exploitation or harm to the person with whom the professional rel. exists.
* *Multiple rel. that would not reasonably be expected to cause impairment or risk exploitation or harm are not unethical.
b) If psych. finds, due to unforeseen circumstances, a potentially harmful multiple rel. has arisen, psych takes reasonable steps to resole it with due regard for the best interests of the affected persons and maximal compliance with the ethics code.
c) When psych’s are required by law, policy or circumstances to serve more than one role in judicial proceedings, at the outset they clarify role expectations and the extent of confidentiality thereafter as changes occur.

Question 6

3.06 Conflict of Interest

Answer 6

Psych refrain from taking on a prof role when personal, scientific, prof, legal, financial or other interests could be expected to 1) impair their objectivity, competence, or effectiveness in performing their fxns, or 2) expose the person or organization with whom the prof rel exists to harm or exploitation.

Question 7

3.07 Third-party Requests for Services

Answer 7

when psych’s agree to provide services to a person or an entity at the request of a 3rd party, psych’s attempt to clarify at the outset of the series the natures of the rel. with all individuals/org. involved. This clarification role includes role of psych, who is the client, probably uses of services, fact that there may be limits to confidentiality.

Question 8

3.08 Exploitative Relationships

Answer 8

psych do not exploit persons over whom they have supervisory, evaluative, or other authority as clients, students, supervises, etc.

Question 9

3.09 Cooperation with Other Professionals

Answer 9

when indicated and professionally appropriate, psych’s cooperate with other professionals in order to serve their clients effectively and appropriately.

Question 10

3.10 Informed Consent

Answer 10

a) psych obtain the informed consent of an indiv using language that is reasonably understandable to that person except when conducting such activities without consent is mandated by law
b) for persons who are legally incapable of giving consent, psych’s 1) provide appropriate explanation, 2) seek individual’s assent, 3) consider persons preferences/best interest, 4) obtain appropriate permission from legal authorized person. When authorized person is not possible, psych takes steps to protect indiv rights and welfare.
c) when psych services are court ordered/mandated, psych inform individual the natures of anticipated services, include whether services are court ordered and any limits of confidentiality before proceeding
d) psych appropriately document written or oral consent, permission and assent.

Question 11

3.11 Psychological Services Delivered to or Through Organizations

Answer 11

a) psych’s delivering services to or through organizations provide info beforehand to clients and when appropriate those directly affected by the services about 1) nature and objectives of services, 2) intended recipients, 3) which of individuals are clients, 4) relationship the psych will have with each person and organization, 5) probable uses of services provided and info obtained, 6) who will have access to info, and 7) limits of confidentiality.
b) if psych will be precluded by law or org. roles from providing such info to particular groups or individuals, they so inform those individuals or groups at the outset of the service.

Question 12

3.12 Interruption of Psychological Services

Answer 12

psych must make reasonable efforts to plan for facilitating service sin the event that psych services are interrupted by factors such as the psych’s illness, death, unavailability, relocation or requirements by the clients relocation or financial limitations.

Question 13

4. Privacy and Confidentiality

4. 01 Maintaining Confidentiality

Answer 13

psych’s have a primary obligation and take reasonable precautions to protect confidential info obtained through or stored in any medium, recognizing that the extent and limits of conf. may be regulated by law.

Question 14

4.02 Discussing Limits of Confidentiality

Answer 14

a) psych discuss with persons and org with whom they establish a scientific or professional relationship 1) the relevant limits of conf, and 2) the foreseeable uses of the info generated through their psych activities.
b) unless it is not feasible or is contraindicated, the discussion of conf occurs at the outset of the relationship and thereafter new circumstances warrant.
c) psych’s who offer services, products or info via electronic transmission inform clients of the risks to privacy and limits of conf.

Question 15

4.03 Recording

Answer 15

before recording the voices of images of individuals to whom they provide services, psych’s obtain permission from all such persons or their legal representatives.

Question 16

4.04 Minimizing Intrusions on Privacy

Answer 16

a) psych’s include in written and oral reports and consultations, only info germane to the purpose for which communication is made.
b) psych discuss confidential info obtained in their work only for appropriate scientific or professional purposes and only with persons clearly concerned with such matter

Question 17

4.05 Disclosures

Answer 17

a) psych may disclose conf info with appropriate consent of organizational client, the individual or another legally authorized person on behave of client.
b) psych’s disclose confidential info without the consent of the patient only as mandated by law, or where permitted by law for a valid purpose such as to, 1) provide needed professional services; 2) obtain appropriate professional consultations; 3) protect client, psych and others from harm; 4) obtain payment for services from client, in which instance disclosure is limited to the minimum that is necessary to achieve the purpose.

Question 18

4.06 Consultations

Answer 18

when consulting with colleagues, 1) psych do not disclose confidential info that could reasonably lead to the identification of client, research participant or other person with whom conf. relationship unless they have obtained prior consent or disclosure cannot be avoided, and 2) they disclose info only to the extent necessary to achieve the purposes of consultation.

Question 19

4.07 Use of Confidential Information for Didactic or Other Purposes

Answer 19

psych’s do not disclose in their writings, lectures, or other public media, confidential, personally identifiable informations concerning clients, etc, that they obtained during their coursework, unless 1) they take reasonable steps to disguise the person or organization, 2) the person or organization has consented in writing, or 3) there is legal authorization for doing so.

Question 20

5. Advertising and Other Public Statements

5. 01 Avoidance of False or Deceptive Statements

Answer 20

a) public statements include but are not limited to paid or unpaid advertising, endorsements, etc. Psych’s do not knowingly make public statements that are false, deceptive, or fraudulent concerning their work.
b) psych’s do not make false, deceptive, or fraudulent statements concerning
1) training or experience or competence
2) academic degrees
3) credentials
4) institutional affiliations
5) services
6) clinical/scientific basis for their services
7) fees
8) publications or research findings
c) Psych’s claim degrees as credentials for their health services only if those degrees 1) were earned from a regionally accredited institution and 2) were the basis for psychology licensure by the state for which they practice.

Question 21

5.02 Statements by Others

Answer 21

a) Psych’s who engage others to create or place public statements that promote their professional practice
b) Psych’s do not compensate press, radio, TV, or other communication media in return for publicity in a news item.
c) a paid advertisement relating to psychologists’ activities must be identified or clearly recognizable as such.

Question 22

5.03 Descriptions of Workshops and Non-Degree-Granting Educational Programs

Answer 22

To the degree which they can exercise control, psych’s responsible for announcements, catalogs, brochures, or ads describing workshops, etc that they accurately describe the audience for which the program is intended, the educational objectives, the presenters and the fees involved.

Question 23

5.04 Medial Presentations

Answer 23

When psych’s provide public advice or comments, they take precautions to ensure that statements are 1) are based on their professional knowledge, training, or experience in accord with appropriate psych literature and practice, 2) are otherwise consistent with this Ethics Code, and 3) do not indicate that a professional relationship has been established with the recipient.

Question 24

5.05 Testimonials

Answer 24

Psych’s do not solicit testimonials from current therapy clients or other persons who because of their particular circumstances are vulnerable to undue influence

Question 25

5.06 In-Person Solicitation

Answer 25

Psych’s do not engage, directly or via agents, in uninvited in-person solicitations of business from actual or potential therapy clients or other persons who because of their circumstances are vulnerable to undue influence. This does not preclude 1) attempting to implement appropriate collateral contacts for the purpose of benefitting an already engaged client, or 2) providing disaster or community outreach services.

Question 26

6. Record Keeping

6. 01 Documentation of Professional and Scientific Work and Maintenance of Records

Answer 26

Psych’s creat, and to the extent records are under their control, maintain, disseminate and dispose of records in order to

1) facilitate provision of services later by them or other prof.
2) allow for replication of research design/analysis
3) meet institutional requirements
4) ensure accuracy of billing/payments
5) ensure compliance with law

Question 27

6.02 Maintenance, Dissemination, and Disposal of Confidential Records of Professional Scientific Work

Answer 27

a) psych’s maintain confidentiality in creating, storing, accessing, transpiring and disposing under their control.
b) if confidential info concerning services entered into a database to persons whose access has not been consented to by the recipient, psych’s use coding or other techniques to avoid including personal identifiers.
c) Psych’s make plans in advance to facilitate appropriate transfer and to protect conf info in the event the psych withdraws from the practice.

Question 28

6.03 Witholding Records for Nonpayment

Answer 28

Psych’s may not withhold records under their control that are requested and needed for client’s emergency treatment solely b/c of nonpayment

Question 29

6.04 Fees and Financial Arrangements

Answer 29

a) as early as feasible, psych’s should reach agreement on compensation and billing arrangements.
b) psych’s fee practices are consistent with the law
c) psych’s do no misinterpret their fees
d) if limitations in services is anticipated b/c of limits in financing, this is discussed as early as feasible.
e) if recipient does not pay for services, and if psych intends to use collections/legal measures, psych first informs the person such measure will be taken and provides the client a chance to make payment.

Question 30

6.05 Barter with Clients

Answer 30

barter is acceptance of goods or services in exchange for psychological services. Psych’s may barter only if 1) it’s not clinically contraindicated and 2) the resulting arrangement is not exploitative.

Question 31

6.06 Accuracy in Reports to Payors and Funding Sources

Answer 31

psych’s take reasonable steps to ensure the accurate reporting of the natures of the service provided or research conducted, the fees, charges, payments, and where applicable the identify of the provider, findings and dx.

Question 32

6.07 Referrals and Fees

Answer 32

when psych’s pay, receive payment from, or divide fees with another professional, other than in employer-employee relationship, the payment to each is based on the service provided and not based on the referral itself

Question 33

7. Education and Training

7. 01 Design of Education and Training Programs

Answer 33

psych’s responsible for education and training program take reasonable steps to ensure the programs are designed to provide appropriate knowledge, meet requirements for license, or other goals for which they claim.

Question 34

7.02 Descriptions of Education and Training Programs

Answer 34

Psych’s responsible for programs take reasonable steps to ensure there is current and accurate description of the program contact, goals/obj, benefits, and requirement s that must be met to complete the program. This info must be made readily available

Question 35

7.03 Accuracy in Teaching

Answer 35

a) psych’s take reasonable steps to ensure course syllabi are accurate, bases for evaluating progress, and nature of courses. this does not preclude an instructor from modifying course content/requirements when instructor thinks it’s necessary, so long as students are made aware of these modifications in a manner than enables them to fulfill requirements.
b) when teaching/training, psych’s present psych info accurately.

Question 36

7.04 Student Disclosure of Personal Info

Answer 36

psych’s do not require students/supervisee to disclose personal info in course either oral/written re sexual hx, hx of abuse, psych tx, rel with parents/peers/spouses except if:

1) program has clearly identified this requirement in its admissions and program material.
2) info is necessary to evaluate or obtain assistance for students whose personal problems could reasonably be judged to be preventing them from performing their role in a competent manner or posing threat to students/others.

Question 37

7.05 Mandatory Individual or Group Therapy

Answer 37

a) when indiv or group therapy is a program course requirement, psych’s take responsible for that program allow students in undergrad or grad programs the option of selecting tx from a person unaffiliated with the prog
b) factulty who are likely to be responsible for evaluating students academics do not provide that therapy

Question 38

7.06 Assessing Student and Supervisee Performance

Answer 38

a) in academic/supervisor rel, psych’s establish a timely specific process for providing fdbk. to students. Info re the process is provided to the student at the beginning of supervision.
b) Psych’s evaluate students/supervisees on the basis of their actual performance on relevant program requir.

Question 39

7.07 Sexual Relationships with Students and Supervisees

Answer 39

Psych’s do not engage in sexual rel. with students/supervisees who are in their dept/agency/training or whom psych’s have evaluative authority.

Question 40

8. Research and Publication

8. 01 Institutional Approval

Answer 40

when institutional approval is required, psych’s provide accurate info about their research proposals and obtain prior approval. the conduct research in accordance with protocol.

Question 41

8.02 Informed Consent to Research

Answer 41

A) when informed consent is required, psych’s inform:
1) purpose of research; 2) right to decline/withdraw, 3) foreseeable consequences of declining/withdrawing, 4) reasonably foreseeable factors that may be expected–risks, discomfort, adverse, 5) any prospective benefit, 6) limits of confidentiality, 7) incentives, 8) whom to contact about questions. They provide opportunity for participants to ask qtns.
B) Psych conducting intervention research involving experimental txs to clarify at the outset:
1) experimental nature of tx, 2) services that will/will not be available to control group, 3) means by which assign to tx and control will be made, 4) available tx alternatives if individual does not wish to particpate/withdraw and 5) compensation for or costs of participating, including if reimbursement.

Question 42

8.03 Informed Consent for Recording Voices and Images in Research

Answer 42

Psych’s obtain informed consent from research participants prior to recording their voices/images for data unless:
1) research consists solely of naturalistic obs. in public places, and it’s not anticipated that the recording will be used that could cause identification or harm, or 2) research includes deception, and consent for the use of recording is obtaining during debriefing.

Question 43

8.04 Client, Student, Subordinate Research Participants

Answer 43

a) when psych conduct research with client/student/subordinate, psych takes steps to protect the prospective participant from adverse conseq. of declining/withdrawing.
b) when research participation is a course requirement/extra credit, participant is given a choice of equitable alternative activities.

Question 44

8.05 Dispensing with Informed Consent for Research

Answer 44

psych’s may dispense with informed consent only

1) where research would not reasonably assume to creat distress/harm and involves: a) studying of normal practices conducted in educational setting, b) only anonymous qtns./obs./or archival research for with disclosure of response would not place them at risk of criminal/civil liabilities/damage reputation and conf protected; or c) study of factors related to job or organized effectiveness conducted in org settings for with there is no risk of employability/conf protected, or
2) where otherwise permitted by law or fed regulations.

Question 45

8.06 Offering Inducements for Research Participation

Answer 45

a) psych make reasonable effort to avoid offering excessive or inappropriate inducements when such inducements are likely to coerce patient.
b) when offering prof. services as an inducement, psych clarify the nature of the services, including risk, obligations and limitation.

Question 46

8.07 Deception in Research

Answer 46

a) Psych do not conduct a study involving deception UNLESS they have determined that it’s justified but eh study’s significant scientific prospect, education or applied value AND effective non deceptive alternative procedures are not feasible.
b) Psych’s do not deceive prospective participants about research that is reasonably expected to cause pain or emo distress.
c) Psych’s explain any deception that is integral feature of the design and conduct an experiment to the participates as early as feasible, preferably at the conclusion of their participation, but no later than the conclusion of data collection, and permit participants to withdraw their data..

Question 47

8.08 Debriefing

Answer 47

a) Psych’s provide prompt opportunity for particpants to obtain appropriate info about the nature, results, conclusions of research, and they take reasonable steps to correct any misconceptions they may have.
b) if scientific or humane values justify delaying/withholding this info, psych take reasonable steps to reduce risk of harm.
c) when psych becomes aware that research procedures have harmed a participant, they take reasonable steps to minimize harm.

Question 48

8.09 Humane Care and Use of Animals in Research

Answer 48

a) Psych’s acquire, care for use, and dispose animals in compliance with state, fed laws and with professional standards
b) psych’s trained in research methods and care for laboratory animals supervise all procedires involving animals and are responsible for comfort, health and humane tx.
c) psych ensures all indiv under their supervision who are using animals have gotten instruction on research methods, care, maintenance, etc to the extent appropriate.
d) psych make resealable effort to minimize discomfort, infection, illness and pain of animals.
e) psych use procedure subjecting animals to pain, stress or privation only when alternative is not available and the goal is justified by prospective scientific value.
f) psych perform surgical procedures under anesthesia and follow techqniues to avoid infection/minimze pain
g) when appropriate that an animals life to be terminated, psych proceed rapidly with effort to minimize pain.

Question 49

8.10 Reporting Research Results

Answer 49

a) psych’s do not fabricate data

b) if psych discovers significant error in correction, retraction, erratum or other appropriate publication means.

Question 50

8.11 Plagiarism

Answer 50

psych do not present portions of another’s work or data as their own, even if the other work or data source is cited occasionally.

Question 51

8.12 Publication Credit

Answer 51

a) psych’s take responsibility and credit, including authorship, only for work they have performed or substantially contributed
b) principal authorship and publication credits accurately reflect the relative scientific or prof. contributions of indiv involved, regardless of status. Mere possession of position, does not justify authorship credit. Minor contributions to research are acknowledged appropriately (footnotes)
c) Except under circumstances, a student is listed as principal author on any multi-authored article that is substantially based on students doctoral dissertation. Faculty advisors discuss publication credit with students as early as feasible and throughout the research and publication process that’s appropriate.

Question 52

8.13 Duplicate Publication of Data

Answer 52

Psych do not publish, as original data, data they have previously published. this does not preclude republishing data when they are accompanied by proper acknowledgement.

Question 53

8.14 Sharing Research Data for Verification

Answer 53

a) after research is published, psychs do not withhold the data on which their conclusions are based from other competent professionals who seek to verify substantive claims through reanalysis and who tined to use such data only for that purpose, provided the confidcationally of participated can be protected and unless legal rights conspiring proprietary data preclude their release. This does not preclude psych’s from requiring that such indiv or groups be responsible for costs associated with the provision fo such info.
b) psych’s who request data from other psych’s to verify the substantive claims through reanalysis may use shared data only for the declared purpose. Requesting psych’s obtain prior written agreement for all other uses of the data.

Question 54

8.15 Reviewers

Answer 54

Psych’s who review material submitted for presentation, publication, grant or research proposal review respect the confidentiality of and the proprietary rights in such info of those who submit it.

Question 55

9. Assessment

9. 01 Bases for Assessments

Answer 55

a) psych’s base the opinions contained in their recommendations, reports or dx evals, including forensic testimony, on info and techqniues sufficient to substantiate their findings.
b) excepted noted in 9.01, psych’s provide opinions of psych characteristics of indiv only after they hav conducted an exam on indiv to support their statements. when, despite reasonable efforts, such examination is not practical, psych’s document the efforts they made and the results of those efforts, clarify the probable impact of their limited info on reliability and validity, and appropriately limit the nature and extent of conclusions/recs.
c) when psych’s conduct record reviews/consult/supervis, and an indiv exam is not warranted or necessary, the psych explains this and the sources of info for which they based their recs and conclusions.

Question 56

9.02 Use of Assessments

Answer 56

a) Psych’s administer, adapt, score, interpret or use assessment techqniues/tests for the purpose that are appropriate in the light of research on or evidence of usefulness and proper applications
b) psych’s use assess instrument whose validity and reliability have been established for use with members of the population tested. when such validity/reliability has not been established, psych’s describe the strengths/limits of the test results and interpretations.
c) psych’s use assessment methods that are appropriate to individual’s language preference and competence, unless alternate langue is relevant to the assessment issues.

Question 57

9.03 Informed Consent in Assessments

Answer 57

a) psych obtains informed consent for assesments/evals/dx as described in Informed Consent, unless:
1) testing is mandated by law, 2) informed consent is implied b/c testing is conducted as routine educational, institutional–when particpant voluntarily agreed to assess when applying for a job, 3) one purpose of the testing is toe evaluated decisional capacity. Informed consent includes nature of assess, fees, involvement of 3rd party, and limits of confidentiality and sufficient time for client to ask/receive questions.
b) psych’s inform persons with questionable capacity to consent or for whom testing is mandated by law, about eat nature and purpose of the proposed assess, using language that is reasonably understandable to the person being assessed.
c) psych’s using the services of an interpreter obtain informed consent from the client to use that interpreter, ensure confidentiality of test results and test security are maintained, include their recs, reports and dx, including forensic testing, discussion of any limitations on data obtained.

Question 58

9.04 Release of Test Data

Answer 58

a) Test data refers to raw and scaled scores, client responses to questions, psych’s notes/recordings and behavior during exam. those portions of test materials that linked client response are included as test data. Pursuant to a client release, psych’s provide test stat to the client or other persons identified in the release. Psych’s may refrain from releasing test data to protect client or other from substantial harm or misuse or misrepresentation of data or test, recognizing in many instances releasing of conf info under these situations is regulated by law.
b) In absence of client release, psych’s provide test data only as required by law or court order.

Question 59

9.05 Test Construction

Answer 59

Psych’s who develop tests and other assess techqniues use appropriate psychometric procedures and current scientific knowledge for test design, standardization, validation, reduction of elimination bias and recommendations for use.

Question 60

9.06 Interpreting Assessments

Answer 60

When interpreting results, including automated interpretations, psych’s take into account the purpose of assessment as well as various test factors, test-taking abilities, and other characteristics of the person being assessed, such as situational, personal, linguistic, and cultural differences that might affect judgmetns/reduce accuracy of interpolations. They indicate any significant limitations of their interpretations.

Question 61

9.07 Assessment by Unqualified Persons

Answer 61

Psych’s do not promote the use of any psych assessment techniques by unqualified persons, except when such use is conducted for training purposes with appropriate supervision.

Question 62

9.08 Obsolete Tests and Outdated Results

Answer 62

a) psych’s do not base their assess. or intervention or recs on data or test results that are outdated for current purposes.
b) psych’s doe not base their assess. or intervention or recs on data or test and measures that are obsolete and not useful for current purpose.

Question 63

9.09 Test Scoring and Interpretation Services

Answer 63

a) psych’s who offer assessment/scoring services to other professionals accurately describe purpose, norms, validity, reliability, and applications of procedures and any special qualifications to their use.
b) psych’s select scoring and interpretation services on the basis of evidence of validity of the program and procedures as well as other considerations.
c) psych’s retain responsibility for appropriate application, interpretation, and use of assess instruments, whether they score/interpret tests themselves or automated services.

Question 64

9.10 Explaining Assessment Results

Answer 64

Regardless if scoring done by psych, automated or student, psych’s take reasonable steps to ensure an explanation of results are give to the indiv or designated representative unless nature of relationship precludes provision of explanation(—some consulting, preemployment, forensic evals.), and this fact has been clearly explained in advance to person being assessed.

Question 65

9.11 Maintaining Test Security

Answer 65

Test materials refers to manuals, instruments, protocols, and questions/stimuli and does note include test data as defined in 9.04. Psych’s make reasonable efforts to maintain the integrity/security of test materials and other techniques consistent with law and contractual obligations, in a manner that adheres to Ethics Code.

Question 66

10. Therapy

10. 01 Informed Consent to Therapy

Answer 66

a) when obtaining consent for therapy, psych’s inform clients as early as is feasible in the therapeutic rel. about the nature and anticipated courses of tx, fees, involvement of 3rd parties, limits of confidentiality and provide sufficient opportunity for clients to ask questions and receive answers.
b) when obtaining informed consent for tx for which recognized techniques and procedures have not been established, psych’s inform their clients of the developing nature of the tx, the potential risk involved, alternative txs that may be available, and the voluntary nature of their participation.
c) when the therapist is a trainee and the legal responsilbity fo the tx provided resides with the supervisor, client, as part of informed consent procedure, is informed that the therapist is in training and is being supervised and is given the name of the supervisor.

Question 67

10.02 Therapy Involving Couples of Families

Answer 67

a) when psych’s agree to provide services to several persons who have a rel, they take reasonable steps to clarify at the outset, 1) which of the indiv are the clients, and 2) the rel of the psych will have with each person. This clarification includes the psych’s role and the probable uses of services provided or information obtained.
b) If it become apparent that psych’s may be called to perform potentially conflicting roles (fam therapist and then witness for one party in divorce proceedings), psych’s take reasonable steps to clarify and modify, or withdraw from, roles appropriately.

Question 68

10.03 Group Therapy

Answer 68

When psych’s provide services to several persons in a group setting, they describe it at the outset the roles and responsibilities of all parties and the limits of confidentiality

Question 69

10.04 Providing Therapy to Those Served by Others

Answer 69

In deciding whether to offer or provide services to those already receiving MH elsewhere, psych’s carefully consider the tx issues and potential clients welfare. Psych’s discuss these issues with the client or another legally authorized person on behalf of the client in order to minimize risk of confusion and conflict, consult with the other service providers when appropriate, and proceed with caution and sensitivity to the therapeutic issues.

Question 70

10.05 Sexual Intimacies with Current Therapy Clients

Answer 70

Psych’s do not engage in sex with current clients.

Question 71

10.06 Sexual Intimacies with Significant Others of Current Therapy Clients

Answer 71

Psych’s do not engage in sex with individuals they know to be close relatives, guardians, or significant others of current clients. Psych’s do not terminate therapy to circumvent this standard.

Question 72

10.07 Therapy with Former Sexual Partners

Answer 72

Psych’s do not accept as therapy clients persons with whom they have engaged in sex.

Question 73

10.08 Sexual Intimacies with Former Therapy Clients

Answer 73

a) Psych’s do not engage in sex with former clients for ta least 2 years after terminating therapy
b) Psych’s do not engage in sex with former clients even after 2 year period except in the most unusual circumstances. Psych’s engage in such activities after 2 years of terminating bear the burden of demonstrating,
1) the amount of time that past since therapy terminated,
2) the nature, duration and intensity of tx
3) circumstances for terminations
4) clients personal hx
5) clients current MSE
6) the likelihood of adverse impact of clients
7) any statements or actions made by the therapist during the course of tx suggesting or inviting the possibility of post termination sex relationship with the client.

Question 74

10.09 Interruption of Therapy

Answer 74

When entering into employment/contractual rel., psych’s make reasonable efforts to provide for orderly and appropriate resolution of responsibility for client care in the event that the rel. ends, with paramount consideration given to the welfare of the client.

Question 75

10.10 Terminating Therapy

Answer 75

a) Psych’s terminate tx when it becomes reasonably clear that patient no longer needs services, is not likely to benefit, or being harmed by cont. tx.
b) Psych’s may terminate tx when threatened or otherwise endangered by the patient or another person with whom the client has a relationship.
c) Except where precluded by the actions of clients or 3rd party mayors, prior termination psych’s provide predetermination counseling and suggest alternative providers as appropriate.

Question 76

1 Resolving Ethical Issues

1.01 Misuse of Psychologists work

Answer 76

if psych learns of misuse/misrep of their work, they take reasonable steps to correct/minimize the misuse

Question 77

1.02 Conflicts between Ethics and Law, Regs, or Other Governing Legal Authority

Answer 77

If ethics conflict with law/reg/governing authority, psych clarify natures of the conflict, makes known their commitment to the ethics code, and takes reasonable steps to resolve conflict consistent with General Principles and Ethics
–under no circumstances may this be used to justify/defend violating human rights

Question 78

1.03 Conflicts between Ethics and Organizational Demands

Answer 78

If demands of organization are in conflict with Ethics, psych clarifies nature of the conflict, makes known their commitment to the ethics code, and takes reasonable steps to resolve conflict.
–under no circumstances may this be used to justify/defend violating human rights

Question 79

1.04 Informal Resolution of Ethics Violations

Answer 79

when psych believes there has been an ethical violation by another psych, they attempt to resolve the issue by bringing it to the attn. of that indiv. If an information resolution appears appropriate, and the intervention does not violate any confidential rights that may be involved.

Question 80

1.05 Reporting Ethical Violations

Answer 80

If an ethical violation has substantially harmed or is likely to substantially harm a person/org, and it is not appropriate for informal resolution under 1.04, the psych make take further action appropriate to the situation. Might include referral to state/national committee on professional ethics, licensing board or other.
–This does noT apply when this would violate confidentiality rights or when psych has been retained to review work of colleague.

Question 81

1.06 Cooperating with Ethics Committee

Answer 81

• -Psych’s cooperate in ethics investigation, proceedings, and resulting requirements of APA or any affiliated state psych association to which they belong. In doing so, they address issues of confidentiality
• -Failure to cooperate is itself an ethics violations
• -Making a request for detriment/adjudication of a complaint pending the outcome of litigation does not alone consistitute noncooperation.

Question 82

1.07 Improper Complaints

Answer 82

Psych’s doe not file or encourage the filing of ethic complaints that are made with reckless disregard for or willful ignorance of facts that would disprove the allegations

Question 83

1.08 Unfair Discrimination Against Complaints and Respondents

Answer 83

• -Psych’s do not deny persons employment, advancements, admissions, tenure or promotion based solely upon their having made or of being the subject of ethics complaints
• -This does not preclude taking action based upon the outcome of such proceedings or considering other appropriate info.

Question 84

2. Competence

2. 01 Boundaries of Competence

Answer 84

A) Psych provides services/teaches/ressearch within their boundaries of competence based on education, training, supervision, consultation and experience.

B) Where scientific knowledge establishes that factors assoc with race, gender, ethicity, SES, etc is essential for effective implementation of their services, psych obtains training, experience, or supervision necessary, or provide referrals.

C) Psych planning to provide services new to them should take relevant education/training/consult/study

D) When asked to provide MH services that are not available, psych with closely related services may provide tx so no one is denied services if they make attempts to obtain competence (training/educ)

E) In emerging areas where training does not exist, psych takes steps to ensure competence of their work and protect clients/supervisees/participants from harm.

F) When doing forensic role, be familiar with judicial/admin rules governing their roles.

Question 85

2.02 Providing Services in Emergencies

Answer 85

–In emergencies, when psych provide services for whom MH is not available and for which psych has no training, psych MAY provide such services in order to ensure services aren’t denied.

–Services discontinue as soon as emergency ended or appropriately services are available.

Question 86

2.03 Maintaining Competence

Answer 86

Psych undertakes ongoing efforts to develop and maintain their competence

Question 87

2.04 Bases for Scientific and Professional Judgement

Answer 87

Psych’s work is based upon established scientific and professional knowledge of their discipline

Question 88

2.05 Delegation of Work to Others

Answer 88

Psych who delegates work takes steps to avoid:

1) avoid delegating work to persons with multiple relationships with those being served that would lead to exploitation or loss of objectivity
2) authorizes only those responsibilities that such a person can expect to perform competently on the basis of education
3) see that such persons perform these services competently.

Question 89

2.06 Personal Problems and Conflicts

Answer 89

A) Psych refrain from initiating an activity when they know or should know there is substantial likelihood that their personal problems will prevent them from performing in a competent manner

B) When psych becomes aware of personal problems interfering with performing work-related duties, they take appropriate measures such as professional consultation or assistance, to determine they should limit, suspend or terminate work duties.