Ethics

Question 1

4 characteristics of a profesion

Answer 1

1. distinct body of knowledge and skill
2. contributes to social benefit
3. members accorded autonomy
4. members have special obligations

Question 2

use in the process of ethical decision making template to broaden the scope of ethical “content” to include other actions or traits of character that promote the good, are good or are otherwise meant to describe actions that are right

Answer 2

values

Question 3

the 4 principles described under pinciplism

Answer 3

1. respect for autonomy
2. beneficence
3. non-maleficence
4. justice

Question 4

what does veracity mean

Answer 4

telling the truth

Question 5

what does fidelity mean

Answer 5

keeping promises

Question 6

what is respect for life

Answer 6

life having intrinsic value

Question 7

what is respect for persons?

Answer 7

respecting people’s decision, privacy, identity, and physical boundaries

Question 8

not disclosing patient ifno

Answer 8

confidentiality

Question 9

being true to core values in the face of conflict or other trials

Answer 9

integrity

Question 10

the welfare of individuals is often bound up with the welfare of their families

Answer 10

family relationships

Question 11

feeling for the suffering of others

Answer 11

compassion

Question 12

friendliness, generosity, being considerate

Answer 12

kindness

Question 13

valuing the knowledge, skill, and relationships that other healthcare professionals have with patients

Answer 13

health care relationships

Question 14

reliance on the integrity, strength, ability, surety, of a person or thing; confidence or confident expectation of something; hope

Answer 14

trust

Question 15

profoundly tender, passionate affection for another person or warm personal attachment or deep affection, as for a parent, child, or friend

Answer 15

love

Question 16

______________ serve as frameworks or perspectives that individual moral agents can bring to bear on the situations confronting them

Answer 16

ethical theories

Question 17

____________ characterized by an emphasis on the moral character of the person because it is presumed that morally appropriate decisions occur as a result of being decided by morally sensitive and skilled people

Answer 17

virtue ethics

Question 18

___________ is a habit of behaving in a good way. Accordingly, virtue theorists focus principally on the education and development of the agent making the decision.

Answer 18

A virtue

Question 19

Virtue theorists focus on?

Answer 19

the education and development of the agent making the decision

Question 20

common virtues? (6)

Answer 20

OH FICK

Openness 
Honesty
Fairness 
Integrity
Compassion
Kindness

Question 21

Virtue ethics emphasizes?

Answer 21

the moral character of the persons involved

Question 22

___________________ begin with the assumption that what makes an action primarily right or wrong is some intrinsic property not of the moral agent but of the action itself

Answer 22

Deontological or formalist theories “conforms with one fo the ten commandments”

Question 23

Which theories are often associated with Kant?

Answer 23

Deontological (formalist)

Question 24

According to deontological / formalist theory, if you want to know if a proposed action is morally permissible, which question should you ask?

Answer 24

Can I, as a rational agent, consistently will that everyone in a similar situation should act this way (not what are the likely consequences)

or

Is this action in accord with teh requirement to treat other people as ends in themselves and not merely as means

Question 25

Which two of the four principles of principleism are formalist in nature?

Answer 25

justice | autonomy

Question 26

Deontology or Formalism is primarily concerned with?

Answer 26

what actions are right based on the actions themselves - not the moral agents

Question 27

Respecting peoples choices and treating them fairly are two examples of ethical principles that are ___________- in nature

Answer 27

formalistic - they are not concerned with the outcome or the consequences but the nature of the actions themselves

Question 28

The end never justified the means is representative of which theory?

Answer 28

deontology or formalism

Question 29

__________________ focus on what one seeks to accomplish with an action

Answer 29

Consequentialism

Question 30

Two principles that are consequentialist in nature

Answer 30

beneficence | non-maleficence

Question 31

the most prevalent form of consequentialist theory is that theory known as ____________

Answer 31

utilitariansim

Question 32

utilitarianism =

Answer 32

the theory which instructs us to act so as to cause the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people

Question 33

principle =

Answer 33

a foundational ethical concept that is meant to inform, guide, and shape the behaviors and decisions of those involved

Question 34

Respect for autonomy

Answer 34

autonomy means self rule - respecting the choices of people - respect the capacity of individuals to choose their own vision of the good life and act accordingly

Question 35

beneficence

Answer 35

doing good (Foster the interests and happiness of other persons and of society at large)

Question 36

nonmaleficence

Answer 36

not harming

Question 37

justice

Answer 37

treating people fairly (distribute benefits and burdens in an equitable fashion, and resolve disputes by means of fair procedures / non discriminatory)

Question 38

what happens when principles conflict?

Answer 38

there is no pre-established order --> must weigh and balance

Question 39

Casuistry - the method of casuistry employs....

Answer 39

case based reasoning - comparing a new case to a similar paradigm case that has been resolved

Question 40

One method of understanding the concrete situations of cases is with "narrative" which.... does what?

Answer 40

views health care knowledge as storytelling knowledge... The patient's illness is the telling of a story that requires empathy and compassion and that is introduced into the patient-professional relationship through the use of language

Question 41

narrative contributes to medical ethics through content = | and analysis of their form =

Answer 41

content = what they say | analysis of form = how they are told and why it matters

Question 42

who is the ultimate author of the patient's narrative?

Answer 42

the patient - this will help the practitioner to understand and accept a patient's moral choices

Question 43

The approach of narrative ethics would be to...

Answer 43

emphasize the storytelling aspects of the "case" where the patient's illness is the telling of a story that requires empathy and compassion

Question 44

using narrative ethics, what should happen rests on what?

Answer 44

the formation of an appropriate next chapter in the story -

Question 45

feminist ethics / ethics of care

Answer 45

seeks to unmask and challenge forms of male bias - marked by attention to so called "private spheres" such as reproduction

Question 46

ethics of care - seeks to?

Answer 46

seeks to take the moral experience of women seriously - emphasize the importance of focusing on the patient and professional on the context of his or her relationships

Question 47

_____________ considers emotional commitments and a willingness to act unselfishly for the benefit of others

Answer 47

ethics of care

Question 48

feminist ethics would emphasize ______

Answer 48

a concern for the welfare of all women and a belief that women have historically been - and continue to be - oppressed by patriarchal societies

Question 49

ethics of care approach would emphasize

Answer 49

the importance of focusing on the patient and the professional context of his or her relationships

Question 50

important differences between law and ethics?

Answer 50

law provides for a minimally acceptable standard - not our best law explicitly grants health care professionals discretion in certain setting to exercise professional judgment law provides no clear guidance in some circumstances law and ethics may conflict ethics is a larger construct - we can always ask - is this a good law?

Question 51

Value equation =

Answer 51

increased quality and safety and increased patient centered / decreased cost

Question 52

value equation = increased quality and safety and increased patient centered / decreased cost what is embedded in increased quality / what is embedded in increased patient centered-ness what is embedded in decreased cost?

Answer 52

beneficence and non-maleficence respect for patient autonomy justice