Ethics Flashcards
The types of Ethical Study, analysis, and application that are necessary for Ethical Policing are?
Ethical Theories
Meta-ethics
Normative Ethics
Applied Ethics
Meta-ethics
Attempts to discover reasons for making moral judgements.
Normative Ethics
Focuses on the morality of actions
Ethical Egoism
The actor promotes the greatest good (consequences) for self. Conflict when everyone pursues self-interests.
Utilitarianism
Promotes the greatest good for the greatest number; actions are ethical when good outcomes outweigh bad outcomes.
Virtues - Aristotle
Prudence (discretion)
Justice (rightness, integrity)
Courage (strength in face of adversity)
Self-restraint (temperance)
Christians added - faith, hope, Love.
Kant and Categorical Imperative
Morally based actions are based on duty alone. Categorical Imperative is that one must treat self and others as a means as well as an end. People cannot be used as a means to a good end. The impact of decisions on others must always be considered.
Leader - Centered Theories
Trait
Behavior
Personal - situational
Interaction - Expectation
Trait Theory
Earliest approach to study leadership. The theory attempts to ID innate qualities and characteristics possessed by great leaders. Inborn characteristics form ingredients for leadership abilities.
Personal - Situational Theory
This theory proposes that a complex combination of intellectual, affective, and action characteristics, as well as specific conditions in the leaders environment, operate to create successful leadership.
Interaction - Expectation Theory
Leadership involves the act of initiating a structure that is supported by group members. The structure helps solve mutual problems. Follows feel they will be successful if they follow the leader.
Follower - Context Centered Theories
Situational
Contingency
Path-Goal
Situational Theory
Different situations demand different styles of leadership.
Contingency Theory
Leadership is situational in nature. Try to match the leader to the situation.
Path - Goal Theory
The leader’s role is to enhance followers performance and goal achievement through motivation and increasing rewards for achievement of goals.
What is a Moral or Ethical Dilemma?
Due Process vs Crime Control
Truth vs Justice
Honesty vs Loyalty
Gedanken Experiements
Leader - Follower Interaction Theories
Exchange
Psychodynamic
Transactional
Transformational
Leader-Follower Exchange Theory
Early study had two groups; In-group and out-group. In-group followers go beyond what was expected. Out-group followers only met expectation.
Current research focuses on the relationship for leadership development. Communications is critical.
Transformational Theory
Leader focuses effort and makes choices based on goals, values, and ideals that the leader determines the goals or organization wants or ought to advance. Looks at potential motive of followers.
Transactional Theory
Leaders provide followers with something of value in exchange for performance or support on the part of the follower.
Psychodynamic Approach
Leaders are more effective if they have insight into the psychological makeup of themselves and their followers. The leader and follower are aware of their own personality characteristics so they understand how and why they respond the way they do to each other.
