Ethics

Question 1

_______means that participation in any research is to be a matter of participant/respondent choice. Participants are not to be obligated or coerced in any way relative to choice to participate or not to participate.

Answer 1

Voluntary Participation

Question 2

__________was written to guide medical and human research in the civilized worlds. Unfortunately, it did not stop unethical medical research in the US and other countries.

Answer 2

Nuremberg Code

Question 3

_________means that no participant can be harmed by research, either physically or psychologically. The researcher must demonstrate the lack of potential or actual harm. Where possible harm can occur, participants must be made aware of this as part of the informed consent.

Answer 3

Do No Harm to participants

Question 4

______ reviews all proposals for human research before the research is conducted to ascertain whether the research plan has adequately included the ethical dimensions of the project.

Answer 4

IRB

Question 5

In ____ study, participants (the teachers) were recruited to participate in a “learning experiment.” They were told that the experiment explored effects of punishment for incorrect responses on learning behavior. The “teachers” were instructed to shock the “learner” at increasing levels of shock (15 up to 450 volts) for mistakes.

The “teachers” were not aware that the “learner” in the study was actually an actor who used his talents to indicate increasing levels of discomfort as the “teacher” administered increasingly severe electric shocks in response to his mistakes.

The researcher was present in the same room as the “teachers,” and whenever “teachers” asked whether increased shocks should be given s/he was verbally encouraged by the researcher to continue.

Answer 5

Milgram’s Electric Shock

Question 6

_____ means that the researcher knows the identity of participants, but promises to keep it a secret.

Answer 6

Confidentiality

Question 7

In _______ study, Humphrey began showing up at public restrooms and offering to serve as a lookout whenever it seemed appropriate. In reality he wanted to learn more about the people he was observing and talking with in the tearooms. In the process of serving as lookout he would not only find out about the individuals homosexual activity, but would also note the license plate of their vehicles and then track down their names and addresses through the police. About a year later, he visited them, disguising himself and announcing that he was conducting a health service survey. In this way he was able to collect some personal information he was unable to get in the restrooms.

Answer 7

Tearoom Trade

Question 8

_____ means that all participants must be informed of:

1. purpose of the study – description of the study;
2. the nature of their involvement in the study as research participant/respondents;
3. what they will be asked to do;
4. how long it will take;
5. that one can withdraw at any time with penalty;
6. risks - possible consequences of the study to themselves
7. research contact information

Answer 8

Informed Consent

Question 9

_____ means that the researcher does not know the identity of the participants

Answer 9

Anonymity

Question 10

The _______ Study involved the recruitment of poor, black men determined to be infected with the disease. They were offered thorough annual examinations and health care in return for serving as subjects in the research. They were told they would receive free treatment for the disease but, in fact, the intent was to study the progression of the disease. Much of the information needed was collected by 1943 when a cure for syphilis, penicillin, was identified. However, the subjects were not told an effective treatment was discovered. The study was allowed to continue until 1972 when a social worker exposed the ethical violations involving the deception and harm to the participants.

Answer 10

Tuskegee Syphilis Study

Question 11

The ________ identifies 3 basic ethical principles that underlie all human subject research. These principles are commonly called the Belmont Principles:

1. Respect for persons,
2. Beneficence &
3. Justice

Answer 11

Belmont Report

Question 12

_____ is when there is no absolute right or wrong.

Example: The balance between client’s right to services & social workers obligation to evaluate services for effectiveness.

Answer 12

Ethical Dilemma