Ethics

Question 1

Ethical principle 1, beneficence and nonmaleficence -

Answer 1

Reflects maximising the benefits and minimising the potential harmful effects of as study.
-Involves of risk-benefit analysis.

Question 2

Ethical principle 2, anatomy -

Answer 2

Reflects upholding respect for people’s dignity and worth, and their rights to privacy, and self-determination when participating in a study.
-Involves using various safeguard procedure.

Question 3

Ethical principle 3, justice -

Answer 3

Reflects upholding equity and fairness so that all people receive both the benefits and burdens of research participation.
-Involves the use of selection and assignments procedures.

Question 4

Ethical principle 4, respect -

Answer 4

They must have the paper regard for all participants.

Question 5

Participants rights 1, confidentiality -

Answer 5

Right to privacy in terms of access, storage, and disposal of information collected about them that is related to research. Nothing can be disclosed to anyone else unless written consent has been obtained.

Question 6

Participants rights 2, voluntary participation -

Answer 6

Ensures that a participant willingly decides to take part in an experiment. Must not experience any pressure or coercion to participate, not be threatened with any negative consequences, of they decide not to participate in the experiment.

Question 7

Participants rights 3, withdrawal rights -

Answer 7

The right of a participant to cease their participation in a study at any time without negative consequences or pressure to continue.

Question 8

Participants rights 4, informed consent -

Answer 8

Needs to be obtained before an experiment commences. The researcher must obtain written, informed permission from each participant in the study. They must be informed about their rights, as well as any physical or psychological harm that they may encounter.

Question 9

Participants rights 5, deception -

Answer 9

Research should not occur unless it is necessary. It is used in some cases where if giving participants information about an experiment beforehand might influence their behaviour during the study and thus affecting the accuracy of the results.

Question 10

Participants rights 6, debriefing -

Answer 10

Where the participants are informed of the study’s true purpose once the experiment has ended.