Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Generic Competences > Ethics > Flashcards

Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

What are some consequences of fabrication/falsification of data in scientific research?

A
  1. Retraction of published papers and damage to reputation
  2. Loss of funding and research grants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the purpose(s) of research within natural sciences?

A
  1. To produces consistent and stable results across the same conditions
  2. To accurately assess what it is intended to measure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the bioethical principle of autonomy?

A

Respecting an individual’s right to make their own decisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which of the following can be considered important principles in research ethics?

A
  1. Ensuring the confidentiality of research participants’ data
  2. Protecting the rights and welfare of research participants
  3. Honesty and transparency in reporting research findings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the purpose(s) of research within natural sciences?

A
  1. To maintain a neutral and impartial attitude towards research and its outcomes
  2. To confirm or disprove previous research findings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which alternative(s) represents good research practice?

A

The practice of sharing research data, resources, and findings openly with others in the scientific community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What activities constitute falsification of data in scientific research?

A

Altering or manipulating existing data to fit desired outcomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the purpose(s) of research within natural sciences?

A
  1. To replicate research studies to confirm their findings and reduce the likelihood of false positive results
  2. To make a neutral and impartial assessment of the natural world
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What activities constitute fabrication of data in scientific research?

A

Making up data that were never collected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What signifies good research within natural sciences?

A
  1. Results should be consistent under similar conditions
  2. Should be independent of the funding agency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is fabrication in terms of scientific conduct?

A

Making up results that were never obtained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is considered ethical when reporting scientific results?

A

Removing data points that are outside the range of possible values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which of the following can be considered important principles in research ethics?

A

Honesty and transparency in reporting research findings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In what situations does obtaining informed consent for participation in a study imply respect for personal autonomy?

A
  1. When an adult makes and expresses an informed choice
  2. When parents give informed consent on behalf of their toddler
  3. When a sister gives informed consent on behalf of her unconscious brother, who previously has communicated his relevant preferences and values to her
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is considered unethical handling of data in scientific research?

A
  1. Changing research findings to match the expected results
  2. Deliberately altering research data
  3. Altering data to support a predetermined hypothesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the purpose(s) of research within natural sciences?

A
  1. To uncover underlying principles and mechanisms
  2. To be free from bias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which are potential examples of violating confidentiality in research?

A
  1. Disclosing participants’ personal information without their consent
  2. Sharing anonymized raw data with colleagues for collaborative research
  3. Including participants with similar characteristics in a study without their knowledge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some of the consequences of scientific misconduct?

A
  1. Undermines the integrity and credibility of science
  2. Wastes valuable resources and time of researchers and institutions
  3. Misleads the public and policy-makers based on false or manipulated data
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which of the following are examples of scientific misconduct?

A
  1. Failing to report results that contradict a hypothesis
  2. Selecting research data to obtain desired results
15
Q

Which of the following are examples of scientific misconduct?

A
  1. Intentionally mislabeling a sample in the lab
  2. Creating research data to support a hypothesis
16
Q

What are some of the consequences of scientific misconduct?

A
  1. Could undermine public trust in science and scientific institutions
  2. Delays scientific progress and hinders the development of new treatments or technologies
  3. Loss of funding and reputation for the researcher and institution involved
17
Q

Why is it important to avoid research misconduct?

A
  1. The researcher should not risk breaking the law in Sweden that regulates the responsibility for good research practice
  2. People could suffer severe harm if medical treatment is based on data that has been altered
  3. Research misconduct can erode the trust between researchers, funding agencies and people who participate in research projects, e.g., patients and research subjects
  4. Research misconduct undermines the confidence in scientific results
18
Q

How can research misconduct be avoided?

A
  1. Each researcher should be updated on rules and regulations for good research practice in order to avoid research misconduct
  2. The researcher should understand what is meant by honest errors and differences in opinion versus research misconduct
19
Q

Which of the following are examples of potential conflicts of interest in research?

A
  1. The editor was until recently the authors supervisor
  2. The researcher’s spouse has stocks in a company that could benefit from the study results
20
Q

Which of the following are examples of potential conflicts of interest in research?

A
  1. The researcher owns stock in a company that could benefit from the study results
  2. The research is funded by a private company
21
Q

What potential harm is most important to consider in biobank research?

A

Harm related to sensitive personal information in the biobank

22
Q

Who investigates research misconduct at Uppsala University?

A
  1. A national authority - Board for Assessment of Research Misconduct
  2. Uppsala University - Board for the Investigation of Misconduct in Research
23
Q

Harm, and risk of harm, from participation in research may be of different kinds. What statements are correct?

A

Research may be harmful even if it contains no invasive procedures and no sensitive information

24
Q

Which of the following are example of violation of the principle of confidentiality in research?

A

The researcher discloses participants’ personal information to third parties without their consent

25
Q

What is correct regarding the Vancouver rules on publishing?

A
  1. Include authors that substantially contributed to the research itself
  2. Provide guidelines for citing and referencing sources in scientific writing
  3. Require authors to disclose any potential conflicts of interest
26
Q

What does it always imply when a study involving human or animal participants gets ethical approval from the relevant authorities?

A

All things considered; the benefits of research are deemed more important in relation to the study than the disadvantages of participation

26
Q

Who could be included as an author in the publication of scientific work?

A
  1. The colleague who contributed with important intellectual interpretation of results
  2. The post doc who drafted the manuscript
26
Q

What is correct regarding the Vancouver rules for authorship?

A
  1. To make sure that all authors can take appropriate responsibility for the paper
  2. Require authors to disclose any potential conflicts of interest
27
Q

Salami slicing of papers is bad primarily for the reason that

A

It overrepresents the research field

28
Q

Which of the following statements is true of ethical review of research applications involving human beings in Sweden?

A

Ethical review is conducted by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority

29
Q

What is the main objective of the Nagoya Protocol?

A

To regulate access to genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits that accrue from the utilization of these

30
Q

Who could be included as an author in the publication of scientific work?

A
  1. The master’s student who collected the data
  2. The professor who designed the study
31
Q

What statement is true of research involving sensitive personal data?

A

Ethical approval is always required when processing such data for research purposes

32
Q

Who could be included as an author in the publication of scientific work?

A
  1. The technician who collected the data
  2. The PhD-student who analysed the data
33
Q

Which of the following is a common criterion for being an author on a research article?

A

Having reviewed and provided feedback on the manuscript

34
Q

Which of these inputs do not merit authorship according to Vancouver?

A

Being in charge of the research group

35
Q

For work normally requiring ethical review: When is it relevant to apply for an ethical review of a student’s work?

A
  1. If student’s work is to be published in a scientific journal
  2. If the work is to be included in a doctoral thesis
  3. When student’s work is part of the supervisor’s project
36
Q

You should keep away from so-called predatory journals, because?

A
  1. They often lack a proper peer-review process
  2. They have low academic quality
37
Q

What activities justify a person as an author on a research paper?

A
  1. Conducting literature review and preparing the manuscript
  2. Contributing to the study design and data analysis
38
Q

Which of the following are examples of reputable and reliable venues for research publication?

A
  1. Nature and Science journals
  2. Peer-reviewed journals published by established academic publishers such as Elsevier or Springer

Generic Competences (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions