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Philosophy > Ethics > Flashcards

Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

What does ethics mean?

A

The study of morality

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2
Q

What is morality?

A

The standards an individual/group has about wrong and right, good and evil.

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3
Q

What is descriptive relativism?

A

Different societies and cultures have different moralities.
- depends on culture

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4
Q

What is ethical relativism?

A

Morality depending on culture.
- depends on culture.

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5
Q

What is the difference between descriptive and ethical relativism?

A

Descriptive relativism differs from culture to culture, ethical relativism depends on your culture

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6
Q

What is ethical egoism?

A

We act morally when we act in a way that promotes our own long term interests.

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7
Q

What is altruism?

A

Belief/practice of disinterested and selfless concern for others

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8
Q

What is effective altruism?

A

Acting selflessly but still responsibly

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9
Q

What is utilitarianism?

A

The standard of morality is the promotion of good for everyone and not just oneself

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10
Q

Who are John Stewart mill and Jeremy Bentham?

A

-Proponents of utilitarianism
- believed only pleasure and happiness have intrinsic value
- pain and unhappiness are intrinsically evil
- views based on hedonism

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11
Q

What is act utilitarianism?

A

The morally right ACTION is the one that produces the greatest amount of pleasure and least amount of pain for everyone.

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12
Q

What is rule utilitarianism?

A

Used to determine which moral RULE we should follow.

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13
Q

What is the divine command theory?

A

A non-consequentialist theory stating we should always do the will of God

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14
Q

What is natural law ethics?

A
  • Humans should live according to nature.
  • belief of universal natural order in the world put there by God for humans to discover.
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15
Q

What is kant’s categorical imperative?

A
  • It is morally right for me to do something for a certain reason only if l could be willing to have everyone in a similar situation what l do for that same reason
  • must come from you
  • freedom to choose
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16
Q

What is the 1st duty?

A
  • Perfect duty to oneself.
  • don’t kill yourself
  • using yourself
  • imagine if everyone killed themselves
17
Q

What is the second duty?

A
  • Perfect duty to others
  • do not lie
  • using others
  • Imagine if everyone lied
18
Q

What is the third duty?

A
  • Imperfect duty to oneself
  • pursue your talents
  • don’t waste your talents
  • imagine if no one pursued their talents.
19
Q

What is the fourth duty?

A
  • Imperfect duty to others
  • support people when you can.
  • imagine if no one helped anyone.
20
Q

What is the 1st duty (2nd version)

A
  • Strict duty to oneself
  • is killing myself consistent with humanity’s standards
  • killing myself = using a person for my benefit.
21
Q

What is the second duty? (2nd version)

A
  • Don’t lie
  • the person does not gain anything from the lie.
22
Q

What is the third duty? (2nd version)

A
  • meritous duty to oneself
  • refrain from violating our own humanity but make our actions harmonize with it.
23
Q

What is the fourth duty? (2nd version)

A
  • Meritous duty to others
  • everyone by nature wants to be happy
  • betterment of society.
24
Q

What is Kant’s second categorical imperative?

A
  • Focused mostly on value, consent, and not using people
  • consent is key.
25
Q

What is the human problem?

A

The human life is one of suffering?

26
Q

What is the first noble truth?

A
  • The noble truth of suffering.
  • birth, aging, disease, and death is suffering.
27
Q

What is the second noble truth?

A
  • The noble truth of the origin of suffering
  • it rates from craving
28
Q

What is the third noble truth?

A

Noble truth of stopping of suffering.
- the stopping of said craving

29
Q

What is the Fourth noble truth?

A
  • Noble truth of the way which leads to the stopping of suffering
  • the noble eightfold path
30
Q

What is the noble eightfold path?

A
  1. Right understanding. 2 right intention. 3. Right speech 4. Right conduct 5. Right livelihood 6. Right effort 7. Right mindfullness 8. Right concentration
31
Q

What is Aristotle’s theory of virtue?

A
  • The ability to habitually respond to circumstances
    - in the right way
    - at the right time
    - with the right people

Philosophy (2 decks)

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