Ethics

Question 1

Who have standards for behaviour that suit their particular aims and goals?

Answer 1

Many different disciplines, institutions, and professions have standards for behaviour that suit their particular aims and goals.

Question 2

What are standards for behaviour useful for?

Answer 2

These standards help members of the discipline to coordinate their actions or activities and to establish the public’s trust of the discipline.

Question 3

What do ethical standards govern?

Answer 3

Ethical standards govern conduct in medicine, law, engineering, and business. Ethics also serve the aims or goals of research and apply to people who conduct scientific research or other scholarly or creative activities.

Question 4

Define ethics

Answer 4

norms for conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour.

Question 5

What is the first reason as to why it is important to adhere to ethical norms?

Answer 5

First, ethical norms promote the aims of research, such as knowledge, truth, and avoidance of error.
For example, prohibitions against fabricating, falsifying, or misrepresenting research data promote the truth and minimize error.

Question 6

What is the second reason as to why it is important to adhere to ethical norms?

Answer 6

Second, since research often involves a great deal of cooperation and coordination among many different people in different disciplines and institutions, ethical standards promote the values that are essential to collaborative work, such as trust, accountability, mutual respect, and fairness

Question 7

What do we need to evaluate the ethics of?

Answer 7

Social / scientific value
Care and protection of research participants
Confidentiality
Informed consent
Working with vulnerable individuals (including children)

Question 8

What are ethical lapses?

Answer 8

Ethical lapses in research can significantly harm human and animal subjects, students, and the public. For example, a researcher who fabricates data in a clinical trial may harm or even kill patients, and a researcher who fails to abide by regulations and guidelines relating to radiation or biological safety may jeopardize his health and safety or the health and safety of staff and students.