ethics

Question 1

external experts chosen by editors to provide written opinions with the aim of improving the study

Answer 1

peer review

Question 2

comprise of those which may not be fully apparent and which may influence the judgement of the author, reviewers or editors.

Answer 2

conflict of interest

Question 3

occurs when two or more papers, without full cross reference, share the same hypothesis, data, discussion points, or conclusions

Answer 3

redundant publication

Question 4

the stewards of journals. They usually take over their journal from the previous editors and provide direction for the journal and build a strong management team

Answer 4

editor

Question 5

the norms for conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behaviors

Answer 5

ethics

Question 6

principles of ethics

Answer 6

honesty
objectivity
trustworthiness
carefulness
integrity
openness
respect for intellectual property
social and legal responsibility

Question 7

a researcher must secure honesty in producing a study. transparency is the key in upholding this

Answer 7

honesty

Question 8

researchers must see to it they are free from any bias in all aspects of the paper

Answer 8

objectivity

Question 9

the study must hold sincerity and consistency

Answer 9

integrity

Question 10

the study must be free from any carelessness and errors of negligence. important data must be kept for future references

Answer 10

carefullness

Question 11

researchers must be able to accept suggestions and constructive criticism

Answer 11

openness

Question 12

can be executed by any proper citation of borrowed statements and giving credits to the owner

Answer 12

respect for intellectual property

Question 13

any data or information gathered must be used in its proper and allotted usage only. confidentiality and privacy must be protected

Answer 13

trustworthiness

Question 14

a researcher must abide by the legalities, rules, policies set by the partner institution

Answer 14

social and legal responsibility

Question 15

the view that values are relative in a sense that a person feels their own value is better than any other persons’ value

Answer 15

ethical relativism

Question 16

values that are translated into rules or standards of conduct

Answer 16

ethical principles

Question 17

situations where conflict of values are evident

Answer 17

ethical dilemma

Question 18

producing data without actual experimentation or altering data in recording for the intention to them fitting what is expected

Answer 18

fabrication and falsification of data or cooking of data

Question 19

involves choosing not to include data because they do not conform to the well-established body of knowledge or are unsupportive of the research hypothesis

Answer 19

non publication of data

Question 20

negligence or carelessness that results to errors in measurement or faulty research instruments

Answer 20

faulty data gathering procedures

Question 21

claiming another persons’ work or idea in publication and a form of intellectual property stealing

Answer 21

plagiarism

Question 22

types of plagiarism

Answer 22

copy paste
mosaic
self plagiarism

Question 23

copying information word for word without changing anything and not crediting the source

Answer 23

copy and paste plagiarism

Question 24

changing only some words in the sentence. the sentence structure is retained in this type of plagiarism

Answer 24

mosaic plagiarism

Question 25

an author republishes his/her own work without citations

Answer 25

self plagiarism