Ethical theories and dates

Question 1

What does Aristotle state?

Answer 1

Nature has made everything for mans benefit

Question 2

What does Descartes state and provides years?

Answer 2

1596-1650, Animals can reason, can see and hear but are not conscious of themselves and cannot feel pain.

Question 3

What does John locke state and provide years?

Answer 3

1632-1704, For the custom of tormenting and killing of beats will by degree harden childresis minds even towards men.

Question 4

What does Benthan state and provide years?

Answer 4

1748-1832, The question is not can they reason nor can they talk, but can they suffer?

Question 5

Singer “There are no logical, moral or biological grounds to suppose that a violation of the basic interests of a human.” TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

What is peter singers argument?

Answer 6

There is very few differences between animals and humans, so gives no reason to treat them differently.

Question 7

What is utilitarian approach?

Answer 7

Anything with the ability to suffer should be treated fairly.

Question 8

What are positive and negative rights?

Answer 8

Positive - to not have something done to you

Negative - to have certain things done

Question 9

What is Kant’s idea?

Answer 9

We cannot use people as means to an end

Question 10

All beings with inherit value are equally valuable and entitled to the same rights. TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 10

TRUE

Question 11

What is the ACT that on testing governed by the animals?

Answer 11

ACT 1986

Question 12

What are the three R’s and describe them briefly?

Answer 12

Replace - animals with alternatives
Reduce - number of animals used
Refine - the experiment to make animal suffer as little as possible

Question 13

What is an ethical dilemma?

Answer 13

It is a complex situation that often involves an apparent mental conflict between moral imperatives in which to obey one would result in transgressing another.

Question 14

What is Euthanasia, Xenotransplantation, factory farming and sustainable development?

Answer 14

Euthanasia - assisted suicide
Xenotransplantation - transferring of organs and tissues between two different species
Factory farming - Raising large amount of animals for food
Sustainable development - Economic development that is conducted without depletion of natural resources

Question 15

What is reproductive cloning?

Answer 15

Using cell nuclear transfer techniques to create a copy of an existing organism which is then implanted to grow to term and beyond

Question 16

What are the three moral status with embroys?

Answer 16

Human
Potentiality
Personhood

Question 17

What is social justice concerns?

Answer 17

are concerned with whether something is fair towards all manner of people.

Question 18

What is commodification?

Answer 18

Seeing everything as acceptable items for trade